Friday mid day

Food, crude, metals up, dollar down, inflation up all over the world, well beyond CB ‘comfort levels.’

Nov new home sales continue weak, though there are probably fewer ‘desirable’ new homes priced to sell, and with starts are down the new supply will continue to be low for a while.

The December Chicago pmi was a bit higher than expected, probably due to export industries. Price index still high though off a touch from Nov highs.

So again it’s high inflation and soft gdp.

Markets continue to think the Fed doesn’t care about any level of inflation and subsequently discount larger rate cuts.

Mainstream theory says if inflation is rising demand is too high, no matter what level of gdp that happens to corresponds with. And by accommodating the headline cpi increases with low real interest rates, the theory says the Fed is losing it’s fight (and maybe its desire) to keep a relative value story from turning into an inflation story. This is also hurting long term output and employment, as low inflation is a necessary condition for optimal growth and employment long term.

A January fed funds cut with food and energy still rising and the $ still low will likely bring out a torrent of mainstream objections.


Updated JGBi Index Ratio Table

(an interoffice email)

Hi Dave,

If core inflation is finally showing up in Japan that says a lot for world inflation in general!

warren

On Dec 28, 2007 8:12 AM, Dave Vealey wrote:
>
>
>
> With last nights stronger then expected release of core inflation in Japan
> (+0.4% y/y vs. +0.3% expected), January will see linkers pickup another 0.10
> in their index ratio. Prior to last nights release the index ratio was
> expected to be unchanged for the month of Jan.
>
>
>
> DV
>
>

Calories, Capital, Climate Spur Asian Anxiety

Higher oil prices mean lower rates from the Fed, and higher inflation rates induced by shortages mean stronger currencies abroad.

Why do I have so much trouble getting aboard this paradigm, and instead keep looking for reversals? Feels a lot like watching the NASDAQ go from 3500 to 5000 a few years ago.

:(

Calories, Capital, Climate Spur Asian Anxiety

2007-12-26 17:51 (New York)
by Andy Mukherjee

(Bloomberg) — The new year may be a challenging one for Asian policy makers.

Year-end U.S. closing stocks for wheat are the lowest in six decades; soybeans in Chicago touched a 34-year peak this week. Palm oil in Malaysia climbed to a record yesterday.

The steeply rising cost of calories may be more than just cyclical, notes Rob Subbaraman, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. economist in Hong Kong. Growing use of food crops in biofuels and increasing demand for a protein-rich diet in developing countries may have pushed up prices more permanently.

The wholesale price of pork in China has surged 53 percent in the past year.

“Consumer inflationary expectations may soon rise, feeding into wage growth and core inflation, but we expect Asian central banks to be slow to react, initially due to slowing growth and later because of strong capital inflows,” Subbaraman says.

If the U.S. Federal Reserve continues easing interest rates to combat a housing-led economic slowdown, a surge in capital inflows into Asia may indeed become a stumbling block in managing the inflationary impact of higher commodity prices.

Food and energy account for more than two-fifths of the Chinese consumer-price index, compared with 17 percent for countries such as the U.K., U.S. and Canada, and 25 percent in the euro area, according to UBS AG economist Paul Donovan in London.

As Asian central banks raise interest rates — when the Fed is cutting them — they will invite even more foreign capital into the region. That will cause Asian currencies to appreciate, leading to a loss of competitiveness for the region’s exports.

Carbon Emissions

On the other hand, paring the domestic cost of money prematurely may worsen the inflation challenge.

That isn’t all.

Higher oil prices will also boost the attractiveness of coal as an energy source, delaying any meaningful reduction in carbon emissions in fast-growing Asian nations such as China and India.

As Daniel Gros, director of the Centre for European Policy Studies in Brussels, noted in recent research, the price of coal — relative to crude oil — has been halved since the end of 1999. And per unit of energy produced, coal is a much bigger pollutant than oil or gas.

This doesn’t augur well for the environment.

“Given that China is likely to install over the next decade more new power generation capacity than already exists in all of Europe, this implies that the current level of high oil prices provides incentive to make the Chinese economy even more intensive in carbon than it would otherwise be,” Gros said.

Beijing Olympics

Climate-related issues will be in the spotlight in Asia next year. China’s eagerness to use the Beijing Olympic Games to showcase solutions to its huge environmental challenges will be one of the “big things to watch for” in Asia in 2008, Spire Research and Consulting, a Singapore-based advisory firm, said last week.

Even if China succeeds in reducing air pollution during the Olympics, the improvements may not endure after the sporting event ends on Aug. 24, especially since the underlying economics continue to favor higher coal usage.

A drop in hydrocarbon prices might help check emissions and global warming, Gros noted last week on the Web site of VoxEu.org.

In fact, lower oil prices may also make food costs more stable by lessening the craze for biofuels.

That will leave capital flows as Asia’s No. 1 challenge in 2008. And it won’t be an easy one for policy makers to tackle.

Capital Inflows

Take India’s example.

The $900 billion economy has attracted $100 billion in capital in the 12 months through October, with a third of the money entering the country as overseas borrowings, according to Morgan Stanley economist Chetan Ahya in Singapore.

This has caused the rupee to appreciate more than 12 percent against the dollar this year, knocking off more than three percentage points from India’s inflation index, says Lombard Street Research economist Maya Bhandari in London.

Naturally, exporters are complaining.

So why doesn’t India cut domestic interest rates? It can’t do that without the risk of stoking inflation.

Money supply is growing at an annual pace of more than 21 percent in India, compared with the central bank’s target of between 17 percent and 17.5 percent. Inflation has held well below the central bank’s estimate of 5 percent for five straight months partly because of the government’s insistence on not passing the full cost of imported fuel to local consumers. It isn’t yet time for monetary easing in India.

China has it worse. Monetary conditions there remain dangerously loose. And China may be reluctant to do much about the undervalued yuan — the root cause of its record trade surpluses and the attendant liquidity glut — until the Olympics are out of the way.

Asian economies may, to a large extent, be insulated from the subprime mess. Still, 2008 won’t be all fun and games.

(Andy Mukherjee is a Bloomberg News columnist. The opinions expressed are his own.)

–Editors: James Greiff, Ron Rhodes.

To contact the writer of this column:
Andy Mukherjee in Singapore at +65-6212-1591 or
amukherjee@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this column:
James Greiff at +1-212-617-5801 or jgreiff@bloomberg.net


2007-12-27 US Economic Releases

2007-12-27 MBAVPCH Index

MBAVPCH Index


2007-12-27 MBA Mortgage Application

MBA Mortgage Applications (Dec 21)

Survey n/a
Actual -7.6%
Prior 19.5%
Revised n/a

Goes down this time every year and bounces back early January.


2007-12-27 Durable Goods Orders

Durable Goods Orders (Nov)

Survey 2.0%
Actual 0.1%
Prior -0.4%
Revised -0.4%

2007-12-27 Durables Ex Transporation

Durable Goods Ex Transportation (Nov)

Survey 0.5%
Actual -0.7%
Prior -0.7%
Revised -0.9%

Still drifting lower over time.

Domestic demand has been gradually softening for about a year and a half, as the lower deficit hiked the financial obligation ratios to levels where the rate of consumer credit expansion peaked.


2007-12-27 Initial Jobless Claims

Initial Jobless Claims (Dec 22)

Survey 340K
Actual 349K
Prior 346K
Revised 348K

2007-12-27 Continuing Claims

Continuing Claims (Dec 15)

Survey 2645K
Actual 2713K
Prior 2646K
Revised 2638K

Drifting up very modestly.


2007-12-27 Consumer Confidence

Consumer Confidence (Dec)

Survey 86.5
Actual 88.6
Prior 87.3
Revised 87.8

CNBC gloominess peaked?


♥

Italian budget deficit down towards 2%

Falling deficits in general in the Eurozone due to the growth rate of GDP combined and the countercyclical tax structure.

Aggregate demand from non government credit expansion (and some from exports) is supporting GDP as support from government deficit spending wanes. This can go on for quite a while as consumer leverage still has a lot of upside potential. However, it will self-destruct if allowed to continue long enough. And, as in the US, net exports have the potential to sustain growth in the medium term as well, though this is hard to fathom without a fall in the Euro.

I need to do more work on this as there are a lot of moving parts over there, including prospective members targeting their currencies, building Euro reserves (public and private), and tightening their fiscal balances. Additionally, portfolios have been rebalancing toward the Euro.

Overall, however, we enter 2008 with tightening fiscal balances in most countries. This will serve to keep a lid on demand and output, while rising food/energy will keep upward pressure on prices.

Italy’s 2007 public deficit about 2 pct of GDP

Prodi 27 Dec 2007 06:39 AM ET
Thomson Financial

Italy’s public deficit will be about 2 pct of GDP, compared with a government forecast of 2.5 pct, said prime minister Romano Prodi in his year-end address.

“We will close the year with a lower deficit, it will be around 2 pct, a figure below any forecast,” Prodi said.

philip.webster@thomson.com pw/ejb COPYRIGHT Copyright Thomson
Financial News Limited 2007. All rights reserved.


gas demand +.9%

Give Saudi/Russians comfort that they can keep hiking.

And markets say Fed will keep ‘accommodating’.

So much for higher prices curbing demand!

DJ US Gasoline Demand +0.9% On Week – MasterCard SpendingPulse(DJ)

NEW YORK (Dow Jones)–U.S. gasoline demand for the week ended Dec. 21, measured by purchases at the pump, rose 0.9% from a week earlier, according to a report by MasterCard Advisors LLC, a division of MasterCard Inc. (MA). Gasoline demand increased by 597,000 barrels, or 85,286 barrels a day, to 67.919 million barrels, or 9.703 million barrels a day, last week, according to the report, which is compiled by SpendingPulse, a retail data service of MasterCard Advisors. The four-week average demand level was 65.518 million barrels, or 9.36 million barrels a day, MasterCard said, up from 96,429 barrels a day from a week ago. Retail gasoline prices fell 1 cent to an average $2.98 a gallon over the week, the report said. That is 28.4% higher than a year ago.

SpendingPulse is a macroeconomic indicator that reports on national retail sales and is based on aggregate sales activity in the MasterCard payments network, coupled with estimates for all other payment forms, including cash and check. MasterCard SpendingPulse doesn’t represent MasterCard financial performance. The Department of Energy is due to issue its weekly petroleum data, including gasoline demand, on Thursday at 10:30 a.m. EST.

The data, put out by the DOE’s Energy Information Administration statistics and analysis unit, doesn’t count how many gallons are sold. Instead, it offers a “Product Supplied,” or implied demand figure, in its weekly report. “Product Supplied” represents the total volume of gasoline that has moved on from refineries, pipelines, blending plants and terminals on its way to supplying retail stations.

-By Matt Chambers, Dow Jones Newswires; 201-938-2062;
matt.chambers@dowjones.com
Dow Jones Newswires
December 26, 2007 14:00 ET (19:00 GMT)
Copyright (c) 2007 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. – – 02 00 PM EST


Saudi/Fed teamwork

Looks like markets are still trading with the assumption that as the Saudis/Russians hike prices the Fed will accommodate with rate cut.

That’s a pretty good incentive for more Saudi/Russian oil price hikes, as if they needed any!

Likewise, the US is a large exporter of grains and foods.

Those prices are now linked to crude via biofuels.

And the new US energy bill just passed with about $36 billion in subsidies for biofuels to help us keep burning up our food for fuel and keeping their prices linked.

This means cpi will continue to trend higher, and drag core up with it as costs get passed through via a variety of channels. In the early 70’s core didn’t go through 3% until cpi went through 6%, for example.

Ultimately everything is made of food and energy, and margins don’t contract forever with softer demand. In fact, much of the private sector is straight cost plus pricing, and govt is insensitive to ‘demand’ and insensitive to the prices of what it buys. And the US govt. indexes compensation and most transfer payments to (headline) cpi.

And while the US may be able to pay it’s rising oil bill with help from its rising export prices for food, much of the rest of the world is on the wrong end of both and will see its real terms of trade continue to deteriorate. Not to mention the likelihood of increased outright starvation as ultra low income people lose their ability to buy enough calories to stay alive as they compete with the more affluent filling up their tanks.

At the Jan 30 meeting I expect the Fed to be looking at accelerating inflation due to rising food/crude, and an economy muddling through with a q4 gdp forecast of 2-3%. Markets will be functioning, banks getting recapitalized, and while there has been a touch of spillover from Wall st. to Main st. the risk of a sudden, catastrophic collapse has to appear greatly diminished.

They have probably learned that the fed funds cuts did little or nothing for ‘market functioning’ and that the TAF brought ff/libor under control by accepting an expanded collateral list from its member banks.

(In fact, the TAF is functionally equiv of expanding the collateral accepted at the discount window, cutting the rate, and removing the stigma as recommended back in August and several times since.)

And they have to know their all important inflation expectations are at the verge of elevating.

They will know demand is strong enough to be driving up cpi, and the discussion will be the appropriate level of demand and the fed funds rate most likely to sustain non inflationary growth.

Their ‘forward looking’ models probably will still use futures prices, and with the contangos in the grains and energy markets, the forecasts will be for moderating prices. But by Jan 30 they will have seen a full 6 months of such forecasts turn out to be incorrect, and 6 months of futures prices not being reliable indicators of future inflation.

Feb ff futures are currently pricing in another 25 cut, indicating market consensus is the Fed still doesn’t care about inflation. Might be the case!


♥

2007-12-26 US Economic Releases

2007-12-26 S&P-Case Shiller Home Price Index

S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Index (Oct)

Survey n/a
Actual 192.9
Prior 195.6
Revised 195.7

2007-12-26 S&P-CS Composite-20 YoY

S&P/CS Composite-20 YoY (Oct)

Survey -5.7%
Actual -6.1%
Prior 4.9%
Revised n/a

2007-12-26 S&P-Case-Shiller 20 MoM%

S&P/CS 20 MoM (Oct)

Survey n/a
Actual -1.42%
Prior -0.84%
Revised n/a
% Change -69.05%

2007-12-26 Home Price Index

S&P/Case-Shiller TABLE

Survey 1
Actual -4
Prior 0
Revised n/a

It’s a big city index and has been down more than broader measures. Biggest drops have come in Miami, Las Vegas, Detroit, and Los Angeles. Also, these are October numbers – old news now.


2007-12-26 Richmond Fed Manufacturing Index

Richmond Fed Manufacturing Index (Dec)

Survey 1
Actual -4
Prior 0
Revised n/a

2007-12-26 Richmond Fed Manufacturing TABLE

Redmond Manufacturing TABLE

Some weakness and higher prices.


2007-12-26 ABC Consumer Confidence

ABC Consumer Confidence (Dec 23)

Survey n/a
Actual -23
Prior -17
Revised

This was when CNBC was still gloomy. Now that CNBC has turned a bit more optimistic, maybe the number will turn up as well.


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Government spending and inflation comments

Government Spending (Trailing Twelve Months)

Note how the ‘soft spot’ in govt. spending corresponds to the softening in domestic demand. Fortunately exports have been expanding sufficiently to sustain reasonably high levels of GDP.


CRB Index

PCE Price Index

Looks like a full recovery from the Aug 06 gasoline price collapsed engineered by Goldman’s changing of their commodity index weightings?


♥

Strong gdp and high credit losses

CNBC just had a session on trying to reconcile high gdp with large credit losses. Seems they are now seeing the consumer clipping along at a +2.8% pace for Q4. No need to rehash my ongoing position that most if not all the losses announced in the last 6 months would have little or no effect on aggregate demand. Credit losses hurt demand when the result is a drop in spending. And yes, that happened big time when the subprime crisis took the bid away from would be subprime buyers who no longer qualified to buy a house. That probably took 1% away from gdp, and the subsequent increase in
exports kept gdp pretty much where it was. But that story has been behind us for over a year.

The Fed is not in a good place. They should now know that the TAF operation should have been done in August to keep libor priced where they wanted it. They should know by now losses per se don’t alter aggregate demand, but only rearrange financial assets. The should know the fall off in subprime buyers was offset by exports.

The problem was the FOMC- as demonstrated by their speeches and actions- did not have an adequate working understanding of monetary operations and reserve accounting back in August, and by limiting the current TAFs to $20 billion it seems they still don’t even understand that it’s about price, and not quantity. Too many members of the FOMC
are mostly likely in a fixed exchange rate paradigm, with its fix exchange rate/gold standard fractional reserve banking system that drove us into the great depression. With fixed exchange rates it’s a ‘loanable funds’ world. Banks are ‘reserve constrained.’ Reserves and consequently ‘money supply’ are issues. Government solvency is an issue.

With today’s floating exchange rate regime none of that is applicable. The causation is ‘loans create deposits AND reserves,’ and bank capital is endogenous. There are no ‘imbalances’ as all current conditions are ‘priced’ in the fx market, including ANY sized trade gap, budget deficit, or rate of inflation.

The recession risk today is from a lack of effective demand. There are lots of ways this can happen- sudden drop in govt spending, sudden tax increase, consumers change ‘savings desires’ and cut back spending, sudden drop in exports, etc.- and in any case the govt can instantly fill in the gap with net spending to sustain demand at any level it desires. Yes, there will be inflation consequences, distribution consequences, but no govt. solvency consequences.

So yes, there is always the possibility of a recession. And domestic demand (without exports) has been moderating as the falling govt budget acts to reduce aggregate demand. But the rearranging of financial assets in this ‘great repricing of risk’ doesn’t necessarily reduce aggregate demand.

Meanwhile, the Saudis, as swing producer, keep raising the price of crude, and so far with no fall off in the demand for their crude at current prices, so they are incented to keep right on hiking. And they may even recognize that by spending their new found revenues on real goods and services (note the new mid east infrastructure projects in progress) they keep the world economy afloat and can keep hiking prices indefinitely.

And food is linked to fuel via biofuels, and as we continue to burn up every larger chunks of our food supply for fuel prices will keep rising.

The $US is probably stable to firm at current levels vs the non commodity currencies, as portfolio shifts have run their course, and these shifts have driven the $ down to levels where there are ‘real buyers’ as evidenced by rapidly growing exports.

Back to the Fed – they have cut 100 bp into the triple negative supply shock of food, crude, and the $/imported prices, due to blind fear of ‘market functioning’ that turned out to need nothing more than an open market operation with expanded acceptable bank collateral (the TAF program). If they had done that immediately (they had more than one outsider and insider recommend it) and fed funds/libor spreads and other ‘financial conditions’ moderated, would they have cut?

There has been no sign of ‘spillover’ into gdp from the great repricing of risk, food and crude have driven their various inflation measures to very uncomfortable levels,and they now believe they have ‘cooked in’ 100 bp of inflationary easing into the economy that works with about a one year lag.

Merry Christmas!


♥