Category Archives: Inflation

China

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RBS: China: Where is the slowdown?

Very good, tends to support some of my ongoing themes:

China will produce more of its own resources.

Higher rates don’t bring down demand, and probably increase it.
It’s the fiscal tightening, directly or indirectly, proactive or via auto stabilizers, that ultimately cause the tree to fall. (US budget went into small surplus in 1979, for example)

The inflation problem is severe enough for them to be using export unfriendly currency appreciation to fight it.

Hopefully it doesn’t all come apart in Q2!

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GDP Gain Just 1.8%

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No actual evidence, but my point remains that if the executive branch can cut spending they don’t like simply by not spending what’s authorized by Congress, they can take the pressure off demands for other spending cuts.

Also, again conjecture on my part, the QE and zero rate ‘tax’ (reduced interest income) may be what’s keeping a lid on growth here much like what’s happened to Japan for nearly 20 years.

As previously discussed, with 0 rates seems to me taxes can be quite a bit lower for any given size govt (larger deficit) without being ‘inflationary’. Unfortunately our fearless leaders are all going the other way.

Economic Growth Disappoints as GDP Gain Just 1.8%

May 26 (Reuters) — Surging gasoline prices and sharp cutbacks in government spending caused the economy to grow only weakly in the first three months of the year. Consumer spending slowed even more than previously estimated.

The Commerce Department says the overall economy grew at an annual rate of 1.8 percent in the January-March quarter.

That was the same as the government’s first estimate a month ago. Consumer spending grew at just half the rate of the previous quarter. And a surge in imports widened the U.S. trade deficit.

Many economists believe the economy is growing only slightly better in the current April-June quarter. Consumers remain squeezed by gas prices near $4 a gallon and renewed threats from Europe’s debt crisis.

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CH News

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China is traditionally a first half/second half story, with h2 notably slower than h1 as fiscal and lending initiatives have generally been front loaded.

So watch for a very weak h2:

China Stocks Drop for 6th Day on Slowing Growth, Tighter Credit

May 26 (Bloomberg) — China’s stocks slid for a sixth day, driving the benchmark index to the longest stretch of losses in 11 months, on concern tightening measures are slowing the economy and making it harder for small companies to borrow money.

Huaxin Cement Co., an affiliate of Holcim Ltd., dropped 2.9 percent after Shanghai Securities News reported China’s industrial output may slow. A gauge of small-capitalization stocks fell to the lowest close in four months as Citigroup Inc. said smaller companies are being squeezed by tighter credit. Kangmei Pharmaceutical Co. led declines for drugmakers on speculation the government will further lower drug prices.

“Sentiment is weak and we haven’t seen anything positive that can support stocks,” said Dai Ming, fund manager at Shanghai Kingsun Investment Management & Consulting Co. “Slowing growth, high inflation and tight lending will continue to weigh on the market in the near future.”

The Shanghai Composite Index, which tracks the bigger of China’s stock exchanges, fell 5.23 points, or 0.2 percent, to 2,736.53 at the 3 p.m. close, erasing a gain in the last half hour of trading. The six-day decline is the longest since July 1. The CSI 300 Index lost 0.4 percent to 2,978.38, while the CSI Smallcap 500 Index retreated 1 percent.

The Shanghai gauge has slumped 2.5 percent this year as the central bank raised the reserve-requirement ratio for banks 11 times and boosted interest rates four times since the start of 2010 to cool inflation, which exceeded the government target each month this year. China’s preliminary manufacturing index
fell to its lowest level in 10 months, according to a report from HSBC Holdings Plc and Markit Economics this week.

Huaxin Cement slid 2.9 percent to 22.19 yuan. Offshore Oil Engineering Co. lost 4.9 percent to 6.42 yuan, the lowest close since Aug. 27. SAIC Motor Corp., China’s largest carmaker, fell 1.4 percent to 15.96 yuan.

Slowing Industrial Output

China’s industrial output growth is expected to slow in coming months as companies continue to destock and power shortages restrain production, Xu Ce, a researcher with the State Information Center, wrote in a commentary published in Shanghai Securities News. Government efforts to cut capacity in some industries will also restrain output growth, Xu wrote.

Sanan Optoelectronics Co., China’s biggest producer of light-emitting diode chips, led declines for smaller companies, slumping 3.7 percent to 16.71 yuan. Haining China Leather Market Co. plunged 5.6 percent to 21.53 yuan.

China’s small- and medium-sized companies are being squeezed by credit rationing and rising costs, Minggao Shen, an analyst at Citigroup, said in a report after meeting clients.

Bank Funding

The seven-day repurchase rate, which measures funding availability between banks, has averaged 3.48 percent so far this month, compared with 2.83 percent in April and 2.39 percent in March. The seven-day repo rate was at 5.08 percent as of 11:31 a.m. in Shanghai, according to a weighted average compiled by the National Interbank Funding Center. It touched 5.50 percent yesterday, the highest level since Feb. 23.

Kangmei fell 8.5 percent to 11.90 yuan, the biggest decline in almost 21 months. Nanjing Pharmaceutical Co. slid 6.9 percent to 12.44 yuan. Northeast Pharmaceutical Group Co. lost 6.3 percent to 16.37 yuan.

“Institutions are selling drugmaker shares because there’s still a lot of uncertainty about the next round of drug price cuts by the government,” said Li Ying, analyst at Capital Securities Corp.

Chinese stocks are “getting close to the market bottom” after recent declines and may gain as much as 20 percent this year, according to Steven Sun, Hong Kong-based head of China equity strategy at HSBC Holdings Plc.

The nation’s equities may rally in the second half of 2011, as easing inflation from June onward allows the central bank to hold off on its policy tightening campaign, Sun said in an interview with Bloomberg Television yesterday.

“We are getting close to the market bottom,” he said. “We are talking about a 15 to 20 percent upside by the end of this year.”

China Steel Reduces Prices as Industrial Output Slows

May 25 (Bloomberg) — China Steel Corp., Taiwan’s largest producer, will cut prices for domestic customers after the island’s industrial output slowed.

Prices will fall by an average 4.2 percent for July and August contracts, the Kaohsiung-based company said in an e-mailed statement today. Hot-rolled coil, a benchmark product, will fall by an average NT$1,754 ($61) a metric ton, while cold- rolled steel will be cut by an average NT$1,419 a ton.

Steel demand may decline after industrial production increased at the slowest pace in 19 months in April. Vehicle and auto part output fell 0.35 percent last month from a year earlier, the Ministry of Economic Affairs said May 23.

China Steel dropped 0.4 percent to close at NT$34.25 in Taipei before the announcement. The stock has climbed 2.2 percent this year, compared with the 2 percent decline in the benchmark Taiex index.

Electro-galvanized sheet prices will be cut by NT$1,500 a ton, electrical sheets by NT$2,600, and hot-dipped zinc-galvanized sheets by NT$1,613, China Steel said. Prices of plates, bars and wire rods will be left unchanged, the steelmaker said, without giving specific percentage changes for the products.

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GS MACRO FORECAST CHANGES

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As suspected Q2 forecasts being revised down most everywhere, and now 2012 estimates being trimmed as well

GS MACRO FORECAST CHANGES:

-> 2011 US GDP now 2.6% from 3.1%. 2012 now 3.2% from 3.8%.
-> We have lowered Global GDP forecast to 4.3% from 4.8%, modestly raised our inflation forecasts & extended monetary tightening cycle in several EM economies. Also extended forecasts of USD weakness. “Revisions outlined here reflect impacts of two major shocks the global economy absorbed over last six months: tightening of the oil supply, and effects of the disaster in Japan”
-> EM ’11 GDP Growth now at 7.1% from 7.5% and ’12 at 7% from 7.2%.
-> World ’11 Inflation at 4.3% from 3.5% and ’12 at 3.2% from 3.1%. Emerging Markets ’11 Inflation at 6.1% from 5.8% and 4.7% from 5.2%.

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dollar short squeeze update

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Looks like it’s happening as suggested if might just as crude started breaking down after the Ben Laden assassination.

And the Saudi investor prince’s proclamation that the Saudis thought $70-80 for crude was their target might at least indicate that they aren’t in price hiking mode.

Another point up in the dollar index might bring the beginning of short covering by trend followers.

But still looks to me like it’s only the beginning of what should trigger the end of the looming inflation that never was and a return to deflationary psychology in general.

The fallout of the dollar reversal will continue to be lower term rates, weaker stocks, weaker commodities, and in general a reversal of the ‘the fed’s printing money’ hysteria. And I also suspect Congress and the President will come through with a deficit reduction package that will further exacerbate the dollar shortage and add a bit of drag to the world economy.

Nor is any of this is good for the euro zone which continues to fight the fact that the only way it all works is if the ECB writes the check, provided, of course, they all recognize capital requirements for the ECB are nothing more than a self imposed constraint.
(And yes, I know that’s asking a lot.)

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Commodities, China and 2012

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From Art Patten, Symmetry Capital Management, LLC

A brief overview of our current thinking on the financial market and economic outlook—please see important disclosures at the bottom of this email:


Yesterday’s rally provided a reprieve from strong selling pressures, but was low-conviction judging by trading volumes and bond market behavior. I suspect it will prove temporary and that the current trend will remain negative. Normally we could ascribe that to seasonal dynamics—for example, the old “sell in May and go away” adage—but there are some really strange forces at work, and almost all of them are bearish. They may not cause much damage in the coming quarters, but at some point they will. Our current guess is 2012, but it could start earlier.

  • Recent commodity market volatility indicates to us that the trade is highly levered on the bullish side, and thus increasingly fragile. As long as there’s real demand, the investment (speculative!?) demand from developed world investors can do OK (and then some, in recent quarters). But there are now rumors of commodity supplies being used in China in much the same way that houses were used in some western countries 2005-2007, tech stocks 1998-2000, and so on here), and monetary and credit indicators from China do not bode well for commodity prices right now.
  • There are similarly fragile dynamics in Europe, where continental banks levered up on the debt of countries that now can’t pay their bills, as they surrendered monetary autonomy to join a union with no fiscal authority (and a real anti-fiscal fetish, as embodied in the Maastricht Treaty). Money and credit indicators out of Europe look absolutely horrific at the moment.
  • Either of those fragile equilibria could break hard in 2011, with the usual contagion to financial markets and asset prices. If they are not managed proactively (a serious possibility given (1) the zero-bound on central banks’ interest rate targets and (2) the prevailing deficit and debt phobias around the world) it will spread to the global economy yet again, against a backdrop of already-high unemployment and painful relative price shocks from food and fuel.
  • On a relative basis, the U.S. looks attractive. However, in 2011-2012, the proportion of young adults in the U.S. economy turns negative here), something that is strongly associated with recessions.
  • Fiscal austerity will only worsen things. In fact, we’re not surprised by the softness in U.S. leading indicators, given announcements that federal tax receipts were better than expected. Remember—today, the federal budget deficit is what gold mines were in the 19th century. In an over-levered economy slowly recovering from recession, it would have been very hard to produce too much new gold (money) back then, and the last thing you would have done is re-bury whatever gold was produced. But ‘fiscal discipline’ today amounts to the very same thing! Granted, it’s rational to worry that larger deficits will mean higher tax rates, as few politicians—and far too few economists!—grasp the reality of our monetary system and how it interacts with fiscal policy.
  • The current trajectory of the debt ceiling negotiations is depressing. The GOP believes that government spending crowds out private investment, as though money comes from somewhere ‘out there’ or is still dug out of the ground. The Dems can’t get over their beloved ‘Clinton surpluses,’ ignoring the fact that they, like every other significant federal budget surplus, were followed by a recession. For the last few weeks, a few members of the GOP have been pointing out (correctly) that the U.S. will not default. It will direct revenues to Treasury debt holders first, and be forced to make severe spending cuts elsewhere. This will further undermine an already anemic level of overall demand. In fact, fiscal authorities in most parts of the world are doing all they can to undermine global aggregate demand. The U.S. Congress is just now joining the party.
  • U.S. equity markets aren’t indicating an imminent recession, but keep in mind that they were more of a coincident than a leading indicator when the last one started in December 2007. I expect a similar dynamic this time around, with a sideways trend eventually giving way to one or more financial shocks and the eventual realization that we’ve driven ourselves into the ditch yet again.
  • Longer-term, we’re heading into an environment in which the relative impotence of monetary policy will become a new meme, a 180-degree turn from the last four or five decades. And it will probably take at least a decade for macro policy to adjust (Japan’s policymakers still haven’t, over 20 years later). More lost decades ahead? We’re starting to think it’s a wise bet.
  • The only factors that look benign at the moment are in U.S. credit markets. They imply that the employment picture should continue to improve and that the U.S. economy is not nearing recession. If we had to guess, we’d predict one or two financial market shocks ahead, but depending on their timing, there could be something of an equity market rally after the usual summer doldrums. But it might involve significant sector rotation, and our outlook for 2012 is rather pessimistic at the moment.

Finally, here’s a chart that the NYT ran in January that makes a compelling case that a 1970s-style inflation is off the table. If time allows, I’ll pen an Idle Speculator piece this summer on why that is. In the meantime:

Symmetry Capital Management, LLC (SCM) is a Pennsylvania-registered investment advisor that offers discretionary investment management to individuals and institutions. This publication is for informational, educational, and entertainment purposes only. It is not an offer to sell or a solicitation to buy securities, nor is it a recommendation to engage in any investment strategy. This material does not take into account your personal investment objectives, financial situation and needs, or personal tolerance for risk. Thus, any investment strategies or securities discussed herein may not be suitable for you. You should be aware of the real risk of loss that accompanies any investment activity, and it is strongly recommended that you consider seeking advice from your own investment advisor(s) when considering any investment strategy or security. SCM does not guarantee any specific outcome from any strategy or security discussed herein. The opinions expressed are based on information believed to be reliable, but SCM does not warrant its completeness or accuracy, and you should not rely on it as such.

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Yuan Gains by Most in Three Weeks as Zhou Says Inflation High

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This is an unsustainable paradigm but interesting while it lasts.
Actual inflation works to weaken a currency (it buys less in general, by definition). Under those circumstances, acting to keep your currency strong first causes the trade flows reverse, and then to continue to keep it strong market forces tend to eat up your fx reserves. All of them. And then some. To the point where the local currency can no longer be supported short of additional fiscal tightening sufficient to reduce ‘real’ wages vs your trading partners.

Yuan Gains by Most in Three Weeks as Zhou Says Inflation High

By Brian Parkin

May 20 (Bloomberg) &#8212 China’s yuan rose by the most in three weeks after People’s Bank of China Governor Zhou Xiaochuan said inflation remains “high,” fueling speculation further gains will be tolerated.

China needs to strike a balance between economic growth and consumer prices, Zhou said at the Lujiazui Forum in Shanghai today. Asia’s largest economy is “cautiously” promoting cross- border use of the yuan in financial transactions in addition to trade and investment, he said, adding that the onvertibility of the yuan should be a gradual, orderly, mid-to-long-term process.

“The official commentary has been leaning towards expounding the benefits of yuan flexibility,” said Emmanuel Ng, a currency strategist at Oversea-Chinese Banking Corp. in Singapore. “It has been mentioned as a bit of an inflation tool.”

The yuan rose 0.17 percent to 6.4926 per dollar as of 4:30 p.m. in Shanghai, resulting in a weekly gain of 0.08 percent, according to the China Foreign Exchange Trade System. The currency isn’t allowed to move more than 0.5 percent either side of the central bank’s daily fixing, which was raised 0.10 percent today to 6.4983. In Hong Kong’s offshore market, the yuan strengthened 0.08 percent to 6.4915.

Twelve-month non-deliverable forwards gained 0.05 percent to 6.3645 per dollar from yesterday, a 2 percent premium to the onshore spot rate, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. The contracts were little changed from last week.

A stronger currency helps tame inflation by reducing the cost of imports. Consumer prices rose 5.3 percent in April from a year earlier following a 5.4 percent increase in March that was the biggest since July 2008. The government aims to limit inflation to 4 percent this year.

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Philadelphia Fed survey, existing home sales, leading indicators all disappoint

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Typical street review of today’s numbers from Goldman.

As suspected, look for continued downward revisions to initial 4% Q2 estimates.

And note the graph below showing employment as a % of the population.
The economy continues to be demand constrained at very low levels.
(That is, for the size govt we have, we are grossly over taxed.)

There could be as many as 30 million additional people gainfully employed in a good economy.
And a general prosperity far beyond what anyone might imagine.

But not to be with Congress, mistakenly fearful of the US facing a financial crisis like Greece,
moving forward with their death by 1000 cuts agenda.

USA: Philadelphia Fed Survey – Another Decline

Actual: 3.9
Previous: 18.5
Consensus: 20.0
Released: 19 May 2011 at 10:00 (New York time)

Another Decline
BOTTOM LINE: More signs of slower growth from the Philly Fed index and existing home sales.

US-MAP
Existing home sales -2 (2, -1)
Philadelphia Fed index -12 (4, -3)

KEY NUMBERS:
Existing home sales -0.8% in Apr (mom) vs. GS +2.0%, median forecast +2.0%.
Philadelphia Fed index +3.9 in May vs. GS +22.0, median forecast +20.0.
Leading indicators -0.3% in Apr (mom) vs. median forecast +0.1%.

MAIN POINTS:
1. The Philadelphia Fed’s monthly manufacturing survey weakened sharply for the second month in a row. The headline index of “general business activity” fell to 3.9, from 18.5 in April and 43.4 in March. This still suggests factory sector growth, but only barely. Most of the detailed activity indexes also weakened – the new orders index fell to 5.4 from 18.8, the shipments index to 6.5 from 29.1, and the unfilled orders index to -7.8 from 12.9 – with the exception of employment, which rose to 22.1 from 12.3 in April. (We have no information on how much of the drop in the Philly survey over the past two months could have been related to supply chain issues associated with the Japanese earthquake, but this is not a region with an especially high concentration of vehicle manufacturing.) Price pressures eased a little but remain high in historical terms.

2. Existing home sales declined by 0.8% mom in April to an annualized rate of 5.05 million units. Consensus forecasts had expected a moderate increase. Home sales dropped in three of the four Census regions during the month, with the largest declines in the Northeast. The number of homes currently offered for sales was about unchanged after seasonal adjustment, at about 3.7 million units (the months supply of homes increased, but this was likely due to seasonal variation). The median sales price of existing homes increased by about 0.5% mom on a seasonally-adjusted basis-an encouraging turn after several months of weakness. Existing home sales prices are down 5% year-over-year.

3. Rounding out the weaker-than-expected data, the index of leading economic indicators fell by 0.3% mom in April. The consensus had expected a 0.1% increase.

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China- Growth of FDI slowing

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With its capital constraints FDI has been channel for speculative inflows to facilitate bets on yuan appreciation.

While month to month numbers are volatile, they’re worth keeping an eye on.

In the long run inflation weakens a currency.

Also, JPM yesterday suggested increased risk of what they called a hard landing

Growth of foreign direct investment in China slowing

May 18 (Global Times) – Foreign direct investment (FDI) in China rose to $8.46 billion in April, driven largely by investment in the property sector. The figure is 15.21 percent higher than the previous year but represents a slower rate of growth than seen in March, according to official data released Tuesday.

The slowdown of FDI growth as well as other economic indices this month showed that the economy is cooling down, economists warned Tuesday.
April’s figure was lower than the $12.52 billion invested in March and represented less than half of March’s year on year growth rate of 32.9 percent. The ministry did not elaborate on the reasons for the fall.

The property sector attracted about 24 percent of April’s investment flows, Ministry of Commerce spokesman Yao Jian said at a press briefing.
During the first four months of the year, FDI rose 26.03 percent over levels of the previous year to $38.80 billion, the data showed.

During this period, 10 Asian economies including Japan, Singapore and Hong Kong set up 6,487 new businesses, up 9.87 percent from the previous year, and invested $32.9 billion, up 31.23 percent from the previous year.

EU countries set up 562 new businesses in China, up 16.36 percent from the previous year, while investment from the EU rose 23.42 percent to reach $2.6 billion.
“Despite the financial crisis, European companies are still expanding and investing abroad, including in China. We encourage further market access in China to attract even more EU companies to invest there and indeed we also encourage Chinese companies to invest in Europe,” William Fingleton, a spokesman for the Delegation of the EU to China, told the Global Times in an email.

However, investment from the US dropped 28 percent during the first four months of this year to $1.03 billion in April.

FDI in China plunged after the financial crisis in 2008 but rebounded strongly last year to reach $105.7 billion.

“If the figures released in the first three months are regarded as volatile, April’s FDI figure as well as the month’s imports, manufacturing and other economic indices reported earlier showed a cooldown has firmly set into the economy,” Tian Yun, director of the research center of China Society of Macroeconomics, told the Global Times.

“The economy risks a further slowdown if the government’s monetary tightening policy continues and the country’s employment situation, which should always come before inflation issues, will remain worrisome,” Tian warned.

Inflation Outlook

Governor Zhou Xiaochuan said China’s central bank was focused on controlling prices, without mentioning threats to growth, an indication that he has been more concerned about inflation than any risk of a growth slowdown.

The central bank will “control the monetary conditions behind excessively rapid gains in prices,” Zhou said in comments dated April 18 and released yesterday in the central bank’s annual report. The comments tally with a monetary policy report released May 3 and were before data showing industrial output growth weakened last month.

Home prices rose in China’s 67 of 70 cities monitored by the government in April from last year, led by smaller cities that are defying efforts to control property prices nationwide. Housing prices increased at a faster pace in smaller cities and slowed in major ones, data posted on the statistics bureau’s website today showed.

Rising Coal Demand

Shenhua, the nation’s largest coal producer, rose 0.9 percent to 28.53 yuan. Yanzhou Coal Mining Co., the fourth biggest, advanced 0.9 percent to 32.99 yuan.

Demand for thermal and coking coal may increase between 8 percent and 10 percent this year as less rainfall curbs supplies of hydropower and boosts demand for coal-fired electricity, Luo Zeting, an analyst at Citic Securities, wrote in a report today.

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BoC/BoE/RBA Comments

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Even with headline ‘inflation’ above comfort levels and recognizing the need to ‘manage inflation expectations’ under ‘expectations theory’ they all religiously believe, they seem to be sufficiently concerned about aggregate demand to make these kinds of dovish comments.

Conclusion: they’re understating the general weakness they’re sensing.

From Karim, my partner at Valance:


Karim writes:

Some important official comments from these 3 in last 24hrs:

Bank of Canada-Still dovish-Highlighting competitiveness issues due to stronger currency, under-representation in emerging markets, and commodity price gains acting as a brake on U.S. growth. No move in policy rate until Q4 at earliest and only to coincide with signal from Fed for higher rates. Excerpts from Carney speech yesterday:

  • Since only 10 per cent of Canada’s exports go to emerging economies and our non-commodity export market share in the BRICS has been almost halved over the past decade, activity in Canada does not benefit to the same extent as in past commodity booms driven by U.S. growth. The current situation is more akin to a supply shock for our dominant trading partner, with higher commodity prices acting as a net brake on growth. With oil prices up 50 per cent since last summer, the effect is material.
  • Investors looking to rebalance portfolios towards emerging markets could lead them to invest in proxies such as Australia and Canada.

Bank of England-Still dovish-Mervyn King shows no worry from inflation data today (higher than expected but virtually all due to airfares due to timing of late Easter-similar to Eur data) and new MPC Member Broadbent (replacing the uber-hawk Sentence) emphasizing downside risks to growth (higher savings rate, weak credit, Euro stresses). Base case is on hold through year-end.

  • King: As set out in my previous letter, the current high level of inflation reflects three main influences: the increase in the standard rate of VAT in January to 20%, higher energy prices and increases in import prices. Although the impact on inflation of these factors is difficult to quantify with precision, it is likely that had they not occurred, inflation would have been substantially lower and probably below the target…..Unemployment is high and wage growth is weak at around 2% a year. Money and credit growth are both very low. It is therefore possible that, as the temporary influence of the factors currently pushing up on inflation wanes, these downward pressures on inflation could drag inflation below the target.

RBA Minutes-Hawkish-Even though 2-speed economy (strong exports/trade; weak consumer), inflation forecast heading higher. Rate hike likely at June or July meeting. The sentence below didn’t appear at the prior RBA meeting in April.

  • …members judged that if economic conditions continued to evolve as expected, higher interest rates were likely to be required at some point if inflation was to remain consistent with the medium-term target.

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