Business Roundtable, Mtg apps, ADP, Productivity, 1 year charts

More evidence the capital spending contraction is not over:

CEO Confidence Goes From Bad to Worse

Dec 1 (Fox Business) — CEO confidence in the U.S. economy is dwindling. The Business Roundtable CEO Economic Outlook Index for the 4Q, which looks out six months, fell to the lowest level in three years

For third consecutive quarter, U.S. CEOs cautious on economy

Dec 1 (Reuters) — The Business Roundtable CEO Economic Outlook Index fell 6.6 points to 67.5 in the fourth quarter. The long-term average for the index is 80.1 points. Of the 140 CEOs surveyed, 60 percent said they expected sales to increase over the next six months, down from 63 percent during the previous quarter. The proportion of CEOs who said they expected their capital spending to decrease over the next six months rose to 27 percent from 20 percent in the third quarter. CEOs said that regulation was the top cost pressure facing their business, followed by labor and health care costs.

For the first six months of 2016, CEO expectations for sales decreased by 3.2 points and their plans for capital expenditures decreased by 16.7 points. Hiring plans were essentially unchanged from last quarter when they declined by nearly 8 points.

Nice to see purchase apps up but the 4 week moving average remains depressed:

MBA Mortgage Applications
er-12-2-27
Highlights
Purchase applications are moving sharply higher, up 8.0 percent in the November 27 week that, after a pause in the November 20 week, follows a 12.0 percent surge in the November 13 week. Year-on-year, purchase applications are up an eye-popping 30 percent in strength that points to much needed acceleration for underlying home sales. The rise in mortgage rates has triggered the move, encouraging buyers to step up and lock in rates before they move even higher. In contrast, demand for refinancing is easing, down 6.0 percent in the latest week. Rates edged lower in the week with the average for 30-year fixed mortgages ($417,000 or less) down 2 basis points to 4.12 percent.

er-12-2-26
The ADP number is a forecast for Friday’s Non Farm Payroll numbers, based partially on their own payroll data. We’ll see Friday how accurate it is this time:

ADP Employment Report
er-12-2-25
Highlights
ADP is calling for strength in Friday’s employment report, at a higher-than-expected gain of 217,000 for government payrolls in November. Month-to-month, this report is not always an accurate indicator for the government’s data, forecasting a much lower reading than what turned out for October and a much higher reading than what turned out for September. But ADP’s trend has been accurate, that is steady payroll growth near 200,000 — and today’s report points to strength that would be slightly above trend.

er-12-2-24
And seems to me what’s keeping unit labor costs up is low capacity utilization, as previously reported, and not wage increases. At some point business adjust with either fewer employees or higher output:
er-12-2-23
Note that this also peaked when oil related capital expenditures collapsed a year ago:

er-12-2-22
In fact it was about a year ago when oil prices fell below costs of production, triggering cuts in capital expenditures. At the time the oil price drop was universally deemed an ‘unambiguous positive’ for the US economy. I wrote that it looked to me like an unambiguous negative, listing my reasons why it would not support consumption or investment, but would instead induce a general economic deceleration with a high probability of negative growth, particularly after subsequent revisions of data.

So let’s look at a few 1 year charts to isolate what’s happened:

The Fed was looking for 3%+ as ‘monetary policy kicked in’ and oil prices helped consumption.

And Q4 is now looking even worse:
er-12-2-21

er-12-2-20

Consumption has decelerated:
er-12-2-19

er-12-2-18

Industrial production not so good:
er-12-2-17

Nor investment:
er-12-2-16

Or manufacturing:
er-12-2-15

er-12-2-14

er-12-2-13

er-12-2-12

How about employment?
er-12-2-11

er-12-2-10

er-12-2-9

Housing starts are back to where they started from, with a mini surge related to the NY tax bread the expired in June:
er-12-2-8

Non manufacturing slower to react, but sagging as well:
er-12-2-7

er-12-2-6

er-12-2-5
And credit aggregate growth has slowed as well:
er-12-2-4

er-12-2-3

Autos have been the ‘bright spot’ but turns out the growth has been from imports:
er-12-2-2

er-12-2-1

Producer Prices, Industrial Production, Rail Traffic, Container Exports


This is not a reason to hike rates, but the Fed has other reasons beginning with their mistaken belief that the current policy is ‘highly accommodative’ and potentially inflationary, etc. etc. etc. when the opposite is the actual case:

er-8-15-1

Up a bit more than expected, but all due to auto production, and yesterday’s wholesale trade report told us it all went to building (unsold) inventory, with sales of domestic cars relatively flat, so look for a reversal over the next few months. And note the reference to weak exports:

Industrial Production
er-8-15-2

Highlights
A 10.6 percent surge in motor vehicle production gave a very significant lift to industrial production which rose 0.6 percent in July. The manufacturing component, which has been flat all year, jumped 0.8 percent. Excluding vehicles, however, manufacturing rose only 0.1 percent. The lack of strength here is the result of business equipment which edged only 0.1 percent higher after declining 0.2 percent in June.

The rise in production drove capacity utilization up 3 tenths to 78.0 percent which is where it was back in April. Capacity utilization for manufacturing rose 5 tenths to 76.2 percent.

The two non-manufacturing components are mixed. Production at utilities, due to July’s cool weather, fell 1.0 percent with capacity utilization down 8 tenths to 79.1 percent, while mining production rose 0.2 percent with capacity utilization down 1 tenth to 84.4 percent.

Weak foreign demand and weakness in the energy sector may be hurting much of the industrial sector but these factors are not at play in the domestic auto industry. The readings in today’s report are mixed but the headline gain, driven by the convincing strength for autos, is an eye catcher and will certainly be ammunition for the hawks at next month’s FOMC meeting.

er-8-15-3


Weaker than expected and continuing to fade some (in line with stocks…), and note that it peaked with the fall in oil prices:

er-8-15-4

Rail Week Ending 08 August 2015: Continued Decline of One Year Rolling Average

By Steven Hansen
August 13 (Econintersect)

Econintersect: Week 31 of 2015 shows same week total rail traffic (from same week one year ago) contracted according to the Association of American Railroads (AAR) traffic data. Intermodal traffic expanded year-over-year, which accounts for approximately half of movements. and weekly railcar counts continued in contraction.

U.S. Containerized Exports Fall Off the Chart

By Wolf Richter
August 13 (Wolf Street)

“Many of our major trading partners are experiencing stalled or slowing economies, and the strength of the US Dollar versus other currencies is making US goods more expensive in the export market.” That’s how the Cass/INTTRA Ocean Freight Index report explained the phenomenon.

What happened is this: The volume of US exports shipped by container carrier in July plunged 5.8% from an already dismal level in June, and by 29% from July a year ago. The index is barely above fiasco-month March, which had been the lowest in the history of the index going back to the Financial Crisis.

The index tracks export activity in terms of the numbers of containers shipped from the US. It doesn’t include commodities such as petroleum products that are shipped by specialized carriers. It doesn’t include exports shipped by rail, truck, or pipeline to Mexico and Canada. And it doesn’t include air freight, a tiny percentage of total freight. But it’s a measure of export activity of manufactured and agricultural products shipped by container carrier.

Overall exports have been weak. But the surge in exports of petroleum products and some agricultural products have obscured the collapse in exports of manufactured goods

er-8-15-5

China, Germany, Productivity, NFIB Index, Redbook, Wholesale Trade


A few thoughts:

China’s US Tsy holding had been falling perhaps because they were selling $ to buy Yuan to keep it within in the prior band.

Pretty much all exporting nation’s currencies have already weakened vs the $, including the Yen and Euro, so this is a bit of a ‘catch up.’

In a weakening global economy from a lack of demand (sales) and ‘western educated, monetarist, export led growth’ kids now in charge globally, the path of least resistance is a global race to the bottom to be ‘competitive’. And the alternative to currency depreciation, domestic wage cuts, tends to be less politically attractive, as the EU continues to demonstrate.

The tool for currency depreciation is intervention in the FX markets, as China just did, after they tried ‘monetary easing’ which failed, of course. Japan did it via giving the nod to their pension funds and insurance companies to buy unswapped FX denominated securities, after they tried ‘monetary easing’ as well.

The Euro zone did it by frightening China and other CB’s and global and domestic portfolio managers into selling their Euro reserves, by playing on their inflationary fears of ‘monetary easing’-negative rates and QE- they learned in school.

The US used only ‘monetary easing’ and not any form of direct intervention, and so the $ remains strong vs all the rest.

I expect the Euro to now move ever higher until its trade surplus goes away, as global fears of an inflationary currency collapse are reversed and Euro buying resumes as part of global export strategies to export to the Euro zone. And, like the US, the EU won’t use direct intervention, just more ‘monetary easing’.

Ironically, ‘monetary easing’ is in fact ‘fiscal tightening’ as, with govts net payers of interest, it works to remove interest income from the global economy. So the more they do the worse it gets.

‘No matter how much I cut off it’s still too short’ said the hairdresser to the client…

The devaluations shift income from workers who see their purchasing power go down, to exporters who see their margins increase.
To the extent exporters then reduce prices and those price reductions increase their volume of exports, output increases, as does domestic employment. But if wages then go up, the ‘competitiveness’ gained by the devaluation is lost, etc., so that’s not meant to happen.

Also, the additional export volumes are likewise reductions in exports of other nations, who, having been educated at the same elite schools, respond with devaluations of their own, etc. etc. in a global ‘race to the bottom’ for real wages. Hence China letting their currency depreciate rather than spend their $ reserves supporting it.

The elite schools they all went to contrive models that show you can leave national deficit spending at 0, and use ‘monetary policy’ to drive investment and net exports that ‘offset’ domestic savings. It doesn’t work, of course, but they all believe it and keep at it even as it all falls apart around them.

But as long as the US and EU don’t have use of the tools for currency depreciation, the rest of the world can increase it’s exports to these regions via currency depreciation to lower their $ and Euro export prices, all of which is a contractionary/deflationary bias for the US and EU.

Of further irony is that the ‘right’ policy response for the US and EU would be a fiscal adjustment -tax cut or spending increase- large enough to sustain high enough levels of domestic spending for full employment. Unfortunately, that’s not what they learned in school…

The drop in expectations is ominous, particularly as the euro firms:

Germany : ZEW Survey
er-8-11-1

Highlights
ZEW’s August survey was mixed with a slightly more optimistic assessment of the current state of the economy contrasting with a fifth consecutive decline in expectations.

The current conditions gauge was up 1.8 points at 65.7, a 3-month high. However, expectations dipped a further 4.7 points to 25.0, their lowest mark since November 2014.


The drop in unit labor costs and downward revision of the prior increase gives the Fed cause to hold off on rate hike aspirations:

United States : Productivity and Costs
er-8-11-2

Highlights
A bounce back for output gave first-quarter productivity a lift, up a quarter-to-quarter 1.3 percent vs a revised decline of 1.1 percent in the first quarter. The bounce in output also held down unit labor costs which rose 0.5 percent vs 2.3 percent in the first quarter.

Output in the second quarter rose 2.8 percent vs a depressed 0.5 percent in the first quarter. Compensation rose 1.8 percent, up from 1.1 percent in the first quarter, while hours worked were little changed, up 1.5 percent vs 1.6 in the first quarter.

Looking at year-on-year rates, growth in productivity is very slight at only plus 0.3 percent while costs do show some pressure, up 2.1 percent in a reading, along with the rise in compensation, that will be welcome by Federal Reserve officials who are hoping that gains in wages will help offset weakness in commodity costs and help give inflation a needed boost.


Up a touch but the trend remains negative:

er-8-11-3


Redbook retail sales report still bumping along the bottom:

er-8-11-4


A decline in sales growth and rise in inventories is yet another negative:

United States : Wholesale Trade
er-8-11-5

Highlights
A build in auto inventories as well as for machinery drove wholesale inventories up a much higher-than-expected 0.9 percent in June. Sales at the wholesale level rose only 0.1 percent in the month, in turn driving the stock-to-sales ratio up 1 notch to a less-than-lean 1.30. This ratio was at 1.19 in June last year.

Challenger Layoffs, Claims, Trade Comments, Saudi Price Setting, Construction Detail

Not to worry, just the army announcing layoffs:

Challenger Job-Cut Report
er-8-6-1

Highlights
A major Army cutback made for an outsized 105,696 layoff count in July. The Army said it is cutting 57,000 jobs over the next two years (note that Challenger counts layoffs at the time of announcement, not when layoffs actually occur). Heavy layoffs, at 18,891, were also announced in computer & electronics.

These remain at historically low levels:

US weekly jobless claims total 270,000 vs 273,000 estimate

By Robert Galbraith

August 6 (Reuters)

U.S. Trade Gap Expands 7% in June

By Josh Mitchell

July 1 (Wall Street Journal)

The U.S. trade gap with other countries grew 7% in June to $43.8 billion, as imports climbed steadily while exports continued to slip. The U.S. trade gap with the European Union reached an all-time high in June as imports from Europe rose. The trade gap with Mexico also set a record. The U.S. trade deficit with China grew 9.8% in the first six months of 2015 compared with the same period last year,Wednesday’s report showed. The deficit with Japan grew 4.1%. The rise in U.S. imports was due to higher demand for consumer goods, particularly pharmaceutical items, and industrial supplies, including crude oil. Auto imports were the highest on record.

This is how the Saudis set price via altering their posted spreads to various benchmarks:

er-8-6-2


Historically low levels and still growing at lower rates than prior cycles, so adding a lot less to GDP.
My narrative is that it’s all about a lack of income from a shortfall of private and/or public deficit spending:

er-8-6-3

er-8-6-4

ISM, Employment, Trade

Nice jump up here to 2005 highs. First unambiguous positive indicator I’ve seen in quite a while.

United States ISM Non Manufacturing PMI

July 5 (Trading Economics)

The ISM Non-manufacturing PMI index registered 60.3 percent in July, 4.3 percentage points higher than the June reading of 56 percent. It is the highest reading since August of 2005 as 15 out of 17 services industries reported growth. Non Manufacturing PMI in the United States averaged 54.15 percent from 1997 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 62 percent in August of 1997 and a record low of 37.60 percent in November of 2008. Non Manufacturing PMI in the United States is reported by the Institute for Supply Management.

er-8-5-11

Another payroll chart:

er-8-5-12

Another trade chart:
er-8-5-13

Mortgage Purchase Apps, EU Retail Sales, Payroll Tax, ADP, Trade, Equity Comment

While still historically very low, purchase apps are now way up over last year’s particularly depressed levels. Some are replacing all cash buyers, but the increase is also in line with increased existing home sales.

While new home sales were soft, turnover of existing homes has been increasing, and while not directly increasing GDP, existing home sales are generally associated with purchases of furniture, appliances, and other home improvements, and of course real estate commissions.

MBA Mortgage Applications
er-8-5-1

Highlights
A drop in rates helped boost mortgage activity in the July 31 week both for home purchases, up 3.0 percent in the week, and for refinancing which rose 6.0 percent. The strength in purchase applications, which are up 23 percent vs this time last year, is a positive indication for home sales. The average 30-year fixed mortgage for conforming loans ($417,000 or less) fell 4 basis points in the week to 4.13 percent.

er-8-5-2

EU retail sales

European Union : Retail Sales
er-8-5-3

Highlights
Retail sales were surprisingly weak in June. A 0.6 percent monthly fall was the first decline since March and followed a slightly smaller revised 0.1 percent rise in May. Annual workday adjusted growth of purchases was 1.2 percent, down from 2.6 percent in both mid-quarter and April.

June’s setback was primarily attributable to a 0.8 percent monthly drop in sales of food, drink and tobacco. Non-food products, excluding auto fuel, were off only 0.2 percent, although even this was enough to wipe out May’s entire rise. Fuel purchases were flat on the month after a 0.2 percent dip last time.

Regionally, headline weakness was dominated by a 2.3 percent monthly slump in Germany although Spain (minus 0.4 percent) also struggled. More promisingly, France (0.1 percent) saw sales increase for a third consecutive period and there were decent gains in Austria (1.3 percent), Belgium, Latvia and Lithuania (all 0.8 percent) and Estonia (0.7 percent).

The June data make for a second quarter increase in Eurozone retail sales of only 0.3 percent, less than a third of the rate achieved in the previous period and just half of the fourth quarter pace. This does not bode well for real GDP growth. Moreover, the EU Commission’s economic sentiment survey found consumer sentiment falling in July so it may be that the third quarter got off to a less than robust start too. That said, Greek developments are clearly having some impact and a more concrete resolution of the crisis there might be enough to get households happy to spend again.

Big drop in Federal withholding:

er-8-5-4

Lower than expected, and June revised down a bit as well, all in line with many recent surveys:

ADP Employment Report
er-8-5-5

Mark Zandi, chief economist of Moody’s Analytics, said, “Job growth is strong, but it has moderated since the beginning of the year. Layoffs in the energy industry and weaker job gains in manufacturing are behind the slowdown. Nonetheless, even at this slower pace of growth, the labor market is fast approaching full employment.”
Read more at Calculated Risk Blog

About as expected with last month’s revision:

United States : International Trade
er-8-5-6

Seems the drop in oil prices has been offset by non oil imports, as the trade deficit is looking somewhat wider:

er-8-5-7

Both exports and imports are down which indicates a weakening global economy:

er-8-5-8

The chart shows the trend of the non petroleum deficit has resumed it’s increase:

The blue line is the total deficit, and the black line is the petroleum deficit, and the red line is the trade deficit ex-petroleum products (wild swings earlier this year were due to West Coast port slowdown).
Read more at Calculated Risk Blog
er-8-5-9


Didn’t know we exported any consumer goods!
;)

Exports (Exhibits 3, 6, and 7) Exports of goods decreased $0.2 billion to $127.6 billion in June. Exports of goods on a Census basis decreased $0.5 billion. • Capital goods decreased $0.8 billion. o Telecommunications equipment decreased $0.3 billion. • Industrial supplies and materials decreased $0.6 billion. o Finished metal shapes decreased $0.3 billion. Consumer goods increased $0.8 billion.

Stocks up because jobs were weak and a fed spokesman thought the economy was too weak for a rate hike. ;)

Futures jump on ADP miss, Powell comments

By Jenny Cosgrave

August 5 (CNBC)

er-8-5-10

Chicago Fed, KC Fed, Japan Exports

Note the details and the conclusion:

source: Econoday

er-7-23-1

Highlights

June proved to be a slightly stronger month for the economy than expected, based on the national activity index which came in at plus 0.08 vs Econoday expectations for a 0.05 dip. The 3-month average is still in the negative column though just barely at minus 0.01.

Production indicators showed the most improvement in June, at minus 0.01 vs minus 0.08 in May. The gain here reflects strength in the utilities and mining components of the industrial production report where, however, manufacturing remained flat. Employment also improved, to plus 0.12 from May’s plus 0.06, here reflecting the 2 tenth downtick in the unemployment rate to 5.3 percent. This dip, however, was tied to a decrease in those looking for work which is not a sign of job strength. Personal consumption & housing, at minus 0.07, was little changed as was the sales/orders/inventories component at plus 0.03.

This report is a bit of a head fake, not reflecting the weakness in manufacturing and the special factor behind the decline in the unemployment rate. In sum, growth in the economy is no better than the historical average which is a disappointment, showing little bounce from the weak first quarter.

Unambiguously negative, again:


source: Econoday
er-7-23-2

Highlights

Deep continuing contraction is the score for the Kansas City manufacturing report where the headline index is little changed at minus 7. Order readings point to more trouble ahead with new orders at minus 6 and backlog orders at minus 14. Weakness in export orders, at minus 10, is a central negative for the report, as is hiring, at minus 19 and the workweek at minus 18. Price readings are steady and mute. This region’s manufacturing sector, hurt by both exports and the energy sector, is badly depressed as is the Dallas manufacturing sector. Regional July reports from Dallas and Richmond will be posted early next week to round out the view for what looks to be another weak month for manufacturing.

er-7-23-3

More signs the US trade deficit will be larger for Q2.
From Japan:

Exports to Asia were up 10.1 percent on the year while those to China were 5.9 percent higher. Exports to the European Union added 10.8 percent. It was the seventh consecutive increase. Exports to the U.S. climbed for the tenth straight month, this time by 17.6 percent.

LA Port Traffic, Greek Banks, Recession Without Financial Crisis

Another weak export report. No mention of the drop in oil prices reduced foreign incomes.

LA area Port Traffic: Weakness in June

by Bill McBride on 7/20/2015 09:57:00 AM

Note: There were some large swings in LA area port traffic earlier this year due to labor issues that were settled on February 21st. Port traffic surged in March as the waiting ships were unloaded (the trade deficit increased in March too), and port traffic declined in April. Perhaps traffic in June is closer to normal.

Container traffic gives us an idea about the volume of goods being exported and imported – and usually some hints about the trade report since LA area ports handle about 40% of the nation’s container port traffic.

The following graphs are for inbound and outbound traffic at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach in TEUs (TEUs: 20-foot equivalent units or 20-foot-long cargo container).

To remove the strong seasonal component for inbound traffic, the first graph shows the rolling 12 month average.

er 7-20-1

On a rolling 12 month basis, inbound traffic was down 0.4% compared to the rolling 12 months ending in May. Outbound traffic was down 0.9% compared to 12 months ending in May.

The recent downturn in exports might be due to the strong dollar and weakness in China.

Read more at Calculated Risk Blog

Reads like they still don’t have a clue about how banking works:

The Greek government ordered banks to open on Monday, three weeks after they were shut down to prevent the system collapsing under a flood of withdrawals,

That doesn’t cause collapse. Depositors might have to wait for their Euro. That’s all. No reason for the govt. to close the banks. Reads to me like the govt. thinks that Euro needed to run the economy, pay taxes, etc. would leave the country, or something like that. Makes no sense.

As Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras looked to the start of new bailout talks next week.

The first action of the new cabinet was to sign off on a decree to reopen banks on Monday with slightly more flexible withdrawal limits that allow a maximum of 420 euros a week in place of the strict limit of 60 euros a day currently in place.

But restrictions on transfers abroad and other capital controls remain in place.

It’s up to the banks to set their limits based on how much liquidity they have available.

Also:

Three week shutdown of Greece banks cost the economy an estimated €3B, not counting lost tourism revenue – press – Athens Chamber of Commerce and Industry (EBEA) says some 4,500 containers with raw materials and finished products are blocked at customs.

Additionally, €6B in business transactions were frozen by the bank shutdown.- Retailers lost about €600M in business, with apparel taking the main blow. Exporters lost €240M.

Source: TradeTheNews.com

Yes, negative growth and recession sometimes happens without a domestic financial
crisis, and without any financial crisis globally as well.

Lots of things can cause deficit spending- both non government (private sector) and government together- from being insufficient to offset agents desiring to spend less than their incomes.

Sometimes it’s a sudden obstruction to lending and sometimes it’s not.

Sometimes the agents spending more than their incomes just fade away. For a government allowing the deficit to get too small is a political choice, sometimes well informed but most often misguided.

For the private sector it could be insufficient income, or any reason it simply doesn’t want to borrow to spend or spend from savings.

And the private sector tends to be pro cyclical. That is, should GDP growth decline, private sector borrowing to spend tends to taper as well, as credit worthiness deteriorates, causing the slowdown to get worse. This downward process continues until some agent starts spending more than its income, which historically is government, as tax revenues fall and transfer payments increase with rising unemployment from the downward spiral.

So looks to me like it was the oil capex that was keeping up with the demand leakages, and when that collapsed as prices fell the demand leakages got the upper hand. And so far no sign of anything else stepping up its spending enough to move the GDP needle.

macro update

At the beginning of 2013 the US let the FICA tax reduction and some of the Bush tax cuts expire and then in April the sequesters kicked totally some $250 billion of proactive deficit reduction. This cut 2013 growth from what might have been 4% to just over half that, peaking in Q3 and then declining to negative growth in Q1, due to the extremely cold winter. Forecasts were for higher growth in 2014 as the ‘fiscal headwinds’ subsided. GDP did resume after the weather improved, though not enough for 2014 to look much different from 2013. And with the fall in the price of oil in Q4 2014, forecasts for Q1 2015 were raised to about 4% based on the ‘boost to consumers’ from the lower oil prices. Instead, Q1 GDP was -.7%. The winter was on the cold side and the consumer had been saving instead of spending the savings from lower gas prices. And the forecasts for Q2 were for about 4% growth based on a bounce back and consumers now spending their gas savings. Most recently Q2 forecasts have been reduced with the release of Q2 data.

My narrative is that we learned the extent of capex chasing $90 in Q4 after the price fell in half. It seemed to me then that it had been that capex that kept 2013 growth as high as it was and was responsible for the bounce from Q1 2014 as well as the continued positive growth during 2014 up to the time the price of oil dropped and the high priced oil related capex came to a sudden end.

By identity if any agent spend less than his income another must have spent more than his income or the output would not have been sold. So for 2012 the output was sold with govt deficit spending where it had been, and when it was cut by some $250 billion in 2013 some other agent had to increase it’s ‘deficit spending’ (which can be via new debt or via depleting savings) or the output would have been reduced by that amount. Turns out the increase in oil capex was maybe $150 billion for 2013 and again in 2014, best I can tell, and this was sufficient to keep the modest growth going while it lasted. And when it ended in Q4 that spending (plus multipliers) ended as well, as evidenced by the sudden decline in GDP growth. And so far the Q2 numbers don’t look like they’ve increased much, if any, since Q1. And to do so will take an increase in ‘borrowing to spend’ that I can’t detect. Of course, I missed the surge in oil capex last year, so there could be something this year I’m missing as well.

When oil prices dropped I pointed out three things-

1. Income saved by buyers of oil equaled income lost by sellers, so the benefit to total spending was likely to be small and could be negative, depending on propensities to save and to spend on imports. And yes, some of the sellers of oil were ‘non residents’, but that was likely to reduce US exports, and cuts in global capex could reduce US exports as well.

2. Lost capex was a direct loss of GDP, plus multipliers, both domestically and globally.

3. Deflation in general is highly problematic for lenders, and tends to reduce private sector credit expansion in general.

To me this meant the drop in oil prices was an unambiguous negative. And in the face of universal expectations (including the Fed) that it was a positive, which can be further problematic.

Euro Zone

Forecasts are for modestly improving growth largely due to the weak euro driving exports. However, the euro is down from massive foreign CB selling, probably due to fears of ECB policy and the Greek saga. This technical selling drove the euro down and the euro area 19 member current account surplus up, absorbing the euro the portfolios were selling. Once the portfolio selling subsides- which it will as euro reserves are depleted and short positions reach maximums- the trade flows continue, which then drives the euro up until those trade flows reverse. In other words, the euro appreciates until net exports decline and the anticipated GDP growth fades. And there is nothing the ECB can do to stop it, as rate cuts and QE works only to the extent it frightens portfolio managers into selling, etc.

Also, ironically, a Greek default would fundamentally strengthen the euro as Greek bonds are nothing more than euro balances in the ECB system, and a default is a de facto ‘tax’ that reduces the holdings of euro net financial assets in the economy, making euro that much ‘harder to get’ etc.

New home sales hammered, prompting doubts about recovery

Down and both prior months revised down as well. And this was before mtg rates spiked, and before mass layoffs were announced by mortgage originators, etc. And ‘months supply’ rose to a somewhat ‘normal’ 5.2 months of supply at the current sales pace, taking some wind out of the ‘supply shortage’ story. And a measure of price declined from last month softening that story as well. All still up some from the same month last year, but the year over year gains are decelerating post fiscal tightening

It’s now hard to say housing has improved since the last Fed meeting.

The August employment report will be telling, as the initial report of July job increase dropped to 160,000. A lower number means that series would be worse than what the Fed was expecting as well

Two things:

First, this report and the revisions, like the revisions to Q1, fit the narrative that austerity works to slow the economy. And so do the ‘revised’ numbers such as Q1 GDP. It’s the 200+ year old identity that in a monetary economy the demand leakages (agents spending less then their incomes) have to be overcome by others spending more than their incomes, or the output doesn’t get sold. So last year’s growth included the govt spending maybe 7% more than it’s income for that GDP to be posted. And this year, through automatic and proactive measures, govt is limited to spending 3% more than it’s income. That means the difference has to come from other agents spending more than their incomes or that much output doesn’t get sold. Yes, that kind of private sector credit expansion is possible, but I sure don’t see any evidence of that kind of credit expansion. So I don’t see growth increasing until that does happen. It’s not about ‘the govt cuts subtracted from GDP, so when that effect passes growth resumes’ Instead, it’s ‘govt was adding 7%, and now it’s adding only 3%, and growth will cause that to fall further via the automatic stabilizers until the cycle ends.’ That’s why they are called ‘stabilizers’- they cause the deficit to grow in a down turn until they cause the deficit to get large enough to reverse the decline, and they cut net govt spending until it’s too small to support the credit structure and it all goes into reverse.

And, of course, no one of political consequence sees it that way, as Congress and most others continue to judge deficit reduction as success that will somehow
lead to prosperity. So I only see it getting worse.

Also, as previously discussed, I see growth of industrial production as a sign of duress. Globally, for the most part that kind of thing goes to the nation that can feed its workers the fewest calories, in a brutal race to the bottom. Like Japan’s recent currency depreciation initiative taking a 25% bite out of real wages followed by export growth, etc.

Second, the whole QE thing is ‘perverse’ in that it doesn’t actually do anything of further economic consequence but market participants, and the Fed, act as if it does matter for the macro economy. And it also has some what can be called ‘supply side’ effects as it shifts available private sector assets between reserves, tsy secs, and agency mortgage backed securities.

So, for example, if tapering is on, stocks fall as its presumed the reason stocks went up was QE, and tsy and mbs yields rise as the Fed will be buying fewer of those things. And mixed into all that is the notion that the Fed tapers because it thinks the economy is strong, which should be good for stocks, but also cause yields to rise, which is bad for stocks. So the entire thing is a confusion of reaction functions and misperceptions.

It’s all something like the Keynesian beauty contest but with all the judges legally blind.

So if it goes ‘tapering off’ due to weak employment numbers from a weakening economy, is that good for stocks because QE continues, or bad because the economy is faltering?

And it will result in lower yields for both reasons.

One last thing.
The Fed minutes stated, as they always do, is that one of the reasons supporting their ‘improving growth’ forecast is the positive effect from ‘monetary accommodation’ that, in my humble opinion, as in Japan that has done far more far longer than we have, has failed to materialize going 5 years now. And all they have it the counterfactual using the same methodology that shows how much worse it would have been otherwise .

Again, in my humble opinion, history will not be kind to any of these people.