Tag Archives: QE2

quick update

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First, a few of today’s headlines to set the mood:

China factory sector close to stalling – Flash PMI
Europe Services, Manufacturing Weaken More Than Forecast
France’s Manufacturing, Services Growth Slows More Than Forecast
Trichet Says Risk Signals ‘Red’ as Crisis Threatens Banks
Italian Household Confidence Falls Amid Concerns on Growth, Jobs
U.K. Retail-Sales Index Declines to Lowest in a Year, CBI Says

Deficit-Cut Talks Hit Roadblock, Cantor Exits
Jobs Picture Grows Worse as Weekly Claims Post Jump
New US Home Sales Fall 2.1 Percent in May
Fed Slashes Growth Forecast, Sees High Unemployment
Oil Prices Plunge

It’s all unfolding like a slow motion train wreck.
The underlying deflationary forces were temporarily masked when QE2, under the misconception that it was somehow inflationary, caused global portfolio managers to exit the dollar, both directly and indirectly.

But now that psychology is fading, as the global lack of aggregate demand revealing the actual spending power just isn’t there to support things at the prices managers paid to place their bets.
And the next ‘really big shoe’ (as Ed Sullivan used to say) to fall could be China, as they move into their traditionally weaker second half.

Which looks to be closely followed by the US as some kind of austerity is passed by Congress, further supported by continuing austerity in the UK and the euro zone, and the setback in Japan and much of the rest of the world from the earthquake, and not to mention Brazil and India attempting to fight inflation.

Yes, the lower crude and product prices will help the consumer, but prices were lowered in reaction to a weakening consumer, so seems more likely they will slow the decline some rather than reverse it.

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Foreigners Make Run on US Housing Market

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This is what happens when the Fed scares the heck out of global portfolio managers with otherwise benign QE2, and they deallocate dollar holdings to the point where the currency sells off enough to find real buyers of dollars who want them to buy cheap real assets like US real estate. That’s how ‘price discovery’ finds the real bid side for the dollar for large scale selling.

And when the deallocating stops, this process ends, as that selling pressure fades.

And with the Fed’s portfolio removing maybe $10 billion/month in interest income that otherwise would have gone to the economy, and lower crude prices and a narrowing trade gap in general making $US harder to get overseas, market forces then work to find the offered side of the dollar for that much size.

Foreigners Make Run on US Housing Market

By Diana Olick

June 15 (CNBC) — Falling home prices may be plaguing the US economy, but they are candy to foreign investors, who already have a weak dollar on their side.

Buyers from overseas spent roughly $41 billion on US residential real estate last year, a bump up from the previous year. US real estate agents report a surge this Spring especially, as foreign buyers see continued pressure on home prices and ample bargains.

“I don’t think they’re so concerned about the prices dropping as they are about getting value for their money,” says Rick Ambrose, a Coldwell Banker agent in Lake Mohawk, NJ.

Ambrose and his colleague Mary Pat Spekhardt recently hosted two groups of Japanese investors searching for homes on the scenic lake just about an hour outside of New York City.

“They can work here, be close to the city, be close to their corporations and still feel like they’re on vacation. I think that’s really what grabbed everybody. That’s what got them,” says Spekhardt.

The group of about 35 from Japan also toured properties in Las Vegas and Los Angeles, which are more popular choices among foreign investors.

A new survey by Trulia.com that tracks searches from potential foreign buyers found LA ranked number one in potential interest traffic, trailed by New York City, Cape Coral, Fl, Fort Lauderdale, FL and Las Vegas.

The greatest interest is from buyers in the UK, Canada and Australia.

“Prices now in the US are generally 30-40 percent off from the peak.

In addition, the weakness of the dollar gives the Japanese an advantage, as it does the Europeans, of another 20-25 percent off, so they’re seeing real bargains and opportunities,” notes Ambrose.

The interest is pretty widespread, with Brazilians trolling Miami and Russians and Chinese hunting in Chicago, according to Trulia’s survey.

What’s so interesting to me, though, is that foreigners are so much more ready to jump into the market now than US investors. Granted, they have, as noted, the weak dollar on their side, but they also seem to have a longer term view. US buyers are so afraid to a lose a little in the short term on paper, they don’t realize they could gain a lot in the long term. Of course foreign buyers are largely using cash, which many US buyers are lacking. Credit, or lack thereof, is playing against the US investor.

Prices in Miami are actually beginning to recover, especially in the condo market, thanks to foreign buyers, so much so that the foreigners are beating out the Americans.

I remember all the rage a long time ago when the Japanese were buying up commercial real estate in New York City.

Everyone was so appalled. Not so much now, even up in Lake Mohawk, NJ…

“It isn’t popular. It is unforeseen territory, and it’s unique. I think it’s a very smart choice. It’s not where everyone is looking,” says Spekhardt.

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Bernanke Admits Economy Slowing; No Hint of New Stimulus

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In fact, no one on the FOMC has called for QE3, so it’s highly unlikely with anything short of actual negative growth.

So the question is, why the unamimous consensus?

I’d say it varies from member to member, with each concerned for his own reason, for better or for worse.

And I do think the odds of their being an understanding with China are high, particularly with China having let their T bill portfolio run off, while directing additions to reserves to currencies other than the $US, as well as evidence of a multitude of other portfolio managers doing much the same thing. This includes buying gold and other commodities, all in response to (misguided notions of) QE2 and monetary and fiscal policy in general. So the Fed may be hoping to reverse the (mistaken) notion that they are ‘printing money and creating inflation’ by making it clear that there are no plans for further QE.

Hence the ‘new’ strong dollar rhetoric: no more ‘monetary stimulus’ and lots of talk about keeping the dollar strong fundamentally via low inflation and pro growth policy. And the tough talk about the long term deficit plays to this theme as well, even as the Chairman recognizes the downside risks to immediate budget cuts, as he continues to see the risks as asymetric. The Fed believes it can deal with inflation, should that happen, but that it’s come to the end of the tool box, for all practical purposes, in their fight against deflation, even as they fail to meet either of their dual mandates of full employment and price stability to their satisfaction.

They also see downside risk to US GDP from China, Japan, and Europe for all the well publicized reasons.

And, with regard to statements warning against immediate budget cuts, I have some reason to believe at least one Fed official has read my book and is aware of MMT in general.

Bernanke Admits Economy Slowing; No Hint of New Stimulus

June 7 (Reuters) — Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke Tuesday acknowledged a slowdown in the U.S. economy but offered no suggestion the central bank is considering any further monetary stimulus to support growth.

He also issued a stern warning to lawmakers in Washington who are considering aggressive budget cuts, saying they have the potential to derail the economic recovery if cuts in government spending take hold too soon.

A recent spate of weak economic data, capped by a report Friday showing U.S. employers expanded payrolls by a meager 54,000 workers last month, has renewed investor speculation the economy could need more help from the Fed.

“U.S. economic growth so far this year looks to have been somewhat slower than expected,” Bernanke told a banking conference. “A number of indicators also suggest some loss in momentum in labor markets in recent weeks.”

He said the recovery was still weak enough to warrant keeping in place the Fed’s strong monetary support, saying the economy was still growing well below its full potential.

At the same time, Bernanke argued that the latest bout of weakness would likely not last very long, and should give way to stronger growth in the second half of the year. He said a recent spike in U.S. inflation, while worrisome, should be similarly transitory. Weak growth in wages and stable inflation expectations suggest few lasting inflation pressures, Bernanke said.

On the budget, Bernanke repeated his call for a long-term plan for a sustainable fiscal path, but warned politicians against massive short-term reductions in spending.

“A sharp fiscal consolidation focused on the very near term could be self-defeating if it were to undercut the still-fragile recovery,” Bernanke said.

“By taking decisions today that lead to fiscal consolidation over a longer horizon, policymakers can avoid a sudden fiscal contraction that could put the recovery at risk,” he said.

All Tapped Out?

The central bank has already slashed overnight interest rates to zero and purchased more than $2 trillion in government bonds in an effort to pull the economy from a deep recession and spur a stronger recovery.

With the central bank’s balance sheet already bloated, officials have made clear the bar is high for any further easing of monetary policy. The Fed’s current $600 billion round of government bond buying, known as QE2, runs its course later this month.

Sharp criticism in the wake of QE2 is one factor likely to make policymakers reluctant to push the limits of unconventional policy. They also may have concerns that more stimulus would face diminishing economic returns, while potentially complicating their effort to return policy to a more normal footing.

But a further worsening of economic conditions, particularly one that is accompanied by a reversal of recent upward pressure on inflation, could change that outlook.

The government’s jobs report Friday was almost uniformly bleak. The pace of hiring was just over a third of what economists had expected and the unemployment rate rose to 9.1 percent, defying predictions for a slight drop.

In a Reuters poll of U.S. primary dealer banks conducted after the employment data, analysts saw only a 10 percent chance for another round of government bond purchases by the central bank over the next two years. Dealers also pushed back the timing of an eventual rate hike further into 2012.

The weakening in the U.S. recovery comes against a backdrop of uncertainty over the course of fiscal policy and bickering over the U.S. debt limit in Congress, with Republicans pushing hard for deep budget cuts.

Fragility is Global

Hurdles to better economic health have emerged from overseas as well. Europe is struggling with a debt crisis, while Japan is still reeling from the effects of a traumatic earthquake and tsunami.

In emerging markets, China is trying to rein in its red-hot growth to prevent inflation.

Fed policymakers have admitted to being surprised by how weak the economy appears, but none have yet called for more stimulus.

In an interview with the Wall Street Journal, Chicago Federal Reserve Bank President Charles Evans, a noted policy dove, said he was not yet ready to support a third round of so-called quantitative easing. His counterpart in Atlanta, Dennis Lockhart, also said the economy was not weak enough to warrant further support.

While Boston Fed President Eric Rosengren told CNBC Monday the economy’s weakness might delay the timing of an eventual monetary tightening, the head of the Dallas Federal Reserve Bank, Richard Fisher, said the Fed may have already done too much.

Evans and Fisher have a policy vote on the Fed this year while Rosengren and Lockhart do not.

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QE and Real GDP

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To which they respond ‘monetary policy works with a lag’

And to which I add, yes, it lags until the next fiscal adjustment kicks in.

;)

>   
>   But equities continue to peform relatively well.
>   

Yes, they should be ok with any positive top line growth.

The risks that remain are a hard landing in China, a euro zone meltdown, and fiscal responsibility in the US and Japan.

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comments on inflation in China

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When the western educated offspring do what they’ve been taught to fight inflation it can all go very wrong.
Their main tool, whether they know it or not, directly or indirectly, is higher interest rates, which only directly makes the inflation worse
through the cost channel and interest income channel, which further weakens the currency/raises costs through the import channel as well.

And at the same time inflation tends to tighten up fiscal balance that can cause a crash.

Also, I received this comment today:

“The Chinese government will take every opportunity to blame foreigners for inflation (and any other problem that crops up) this a well worn strategy.

It is widely believed in China that QE2 has caused the current increase in inflation. The reality is that inflation is being caused by an increase in energy costs. Also because agriculture now uses much more energy than it once did as a result of modernization, food prices are now largely a derivative of energy prices. Taken together, food and energy make up most of the increase in the CPI.

Some more data points: I spoke with a cab driver here in Shanghai yesterday about the rumored across the board fare increase from 12 to 15 yuan and he said if it occurs it will be to offset higher energy costs. There is also news that several major domestic oil producers have been caught selling at prices above the allowed level.”

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QE question

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>   
>   (email exchange)
>   
>   On Wed, Nov 10, 2010 at 10:29 PM, Mark wrote:
>   
>   One more thing I dont get. You say there isn’t more money
>   in the system, but there is more “cash”. For instance, If
>   I have $10 in t-bonds before QE and you have $10 in cash
>   and the government comes and buys my bond from me then we
>   both have $20 in cash combined.
>   

Right, because as an investor, yields are such where you now favor cash over t bonds.

>   
>   If we both want to buy a pair of socks the next day we will
>   bid up the price of those socks because now there is more
>   cash in the system, right? Before I couldn’t buy the socks
>   because I owned a bond. Is that wrong?
>   

Not wrong, but probably not realistic.

If you wanted socks you could have sold your t bonds the day before, just at a slightly higher yield/lower price.

QE is predominately about yields adjusting to levels where investors in aggregate make investment decisions decide to hold cash rather than longer term securities.

To your point, the question is whether lower rates in general cause what were investors to become consumers.

There isn’t much evidence of this happening anywhere, including Japan, so the next question is why not.

My guess is the interest income channel- lower rates mean less income for the economy in general because the govt sector is a net payer of interest. And QE directly reduces govt interest payments as the Fed earns the interest on the securities it buys, rather than the private sector.

So rates are lower, which might encourage consumption, and might encourage borrowing to consume, but income over all is lower as well.

And, of course, without real asset prices rising lenders are less inclined to lend as they don’t have rising collateral values to bail them out. A 70,000 mtg on a 100,000 condo or house can easily turn into a loss if the borrower defaults, for example, just from fees, commissions, closing costs, depreciation due to neglect.

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Consumer Borrowing Posts Rare Gain in September

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This is how it all starts.
The $10.1 billion gain in non revolving is the key.
That, along with housing, is the borrowing to spend the drives consumer credit expansions.
And the ongoing federal deficit spending continues to add to savings via less credit card debt that’s generally used for current consumption.

It’s only one month, and the series has volatility, but it does fit with the financial burdens ratios.

Without the external risks, the Obama boom that began in Jan 09 (before he added a bit with his fiscal package) looks intact and ready to accelerate.

Unfortunately there are risks.

Taxes are scheduled to go up at year end if gridlock isn’t broken. And even if they do extend the current tax structure, it’s not a tax cut, just not an increase.
Congress is bent on ‘paying for’ everything and proactively reducing the federal deficit, one way or another, including paying for not letting taxes rise should that happen.
The sustainability report is due Dec 1 which could further scare everyone into more proactive deficit reduction.

This kind of stuff. There are probably enough votes for the balanced budget constitutional amendment to pass Congress:

Sen.-elect Paul: GOP must consider military cuts

November 7 (AP) — Republican Sen.-elect Rand Paul says GOP lawmakers must be open to cutting military spending as Congress tries to reduce government spending.

The tea party favorite from Kentucky says compromise with Democrats over where to cut spending must include the military as well as social programs. Paul says all government spending must be “on the table.”

Paul tells ABC’s “This Week” that he supports a constitutional amendment calling for a balanced budget.

The rising crude oil price is like a tax hike for us.

The $US could head north in a ‘hey, QE doesn’t in fact weaken the dollar and we’re all caught short with no newly printed money to take us out of our trade’ rally, further fueled by the automatic fiscal tightening that comes with the modest GDP growth reducing spending via transfer payments and increasing tax revenues, making dollars ‘harder to get.’

Also an even modestly growing US economy does attract foreign direct investment as well as equity investors in a big way.
And, real US labor costs are low enough for us to be exporting cars- who would have thought we would have sunk this low!
On the other hand, higher crude prices does make $US ‘easier to get’ overseas and tend to weaken it fundamentally.
The falling dollar was supporting a good part of the latest equity rally- better foreign earnings translations, more exports, etc.- so a dollar reversal could create a set back for the same reasons.

China is looking at maybe 10% inflation, and their currency fix seems to be closer to ‘neutral’ as their fx holdings seem to have stabilized.

It’s possible their currency adjustment has come via internal inflation, and now the question could be whether and how they ‘fight’ their inflation. In the past inflation has been a regime changer, so political pressures are probably intense.

Euro zone austerity is resulting in ‘political imbalances’ as Germany sort of booms and the periphery suffers.
It’s all muddling through with high and rising over all unemployment, modest growth, and the ECB dictating terms and conditions for its support.

Conclusion- clear sailing, Obama boom intact, unless the ‘external’ risks kick in. The most immediate risk is a dollar rally, closely followed by fiscal tightening

Consumer Borrowing Posts Rare Gain in September

November 5 (AP) — Consumer borrowing increased in September for the first time since January even though the category that includes credit cards dropped for a record 25th straight month.

The Federal Reserve said Friday that consumer credit increased at an annual rate of $2.1 billion in September after having fallen at a rate of $4.9 billion in August. It was only the second increase in the past 20 months.
Americans have been reducing their borrowing for nearly two years as they try to repair their balance sheets in the wake of a steep recession and high unemployment.

For September, revolving credit, the category that includes credit cards, fell for a record 25th consecutive month, dropping by an annual rate of $8.3 billion, or 12.1 percent.

The category that includes student loans and auto loans, rose by $10.4 billion, or an annual rate of 7.9 percent.

The $2.1 billion rise in overall borrowing pushed consumer debt to a seasonally adjusted $2.4 trillion in September, down 2.9 percent from where consumer credit stood a year ago.

Analysts said that consumer credit is continuing to be constrained by all the problems facing households, including high unemployment and tighter lending standards on the part of banks struggling with high loan losses.

Households are borrowing less and saving more and that has acted as a drag on the overall economy by lowering consumer spending, which accounts for 70 percent of total economic activity.

The economy, as measured by the gross domestic product, grew at a lackluster annual rate of 2 percent in the July-September quarter, up only slightly from 1.7 percent GDP growth in the April-June period.

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Payrolls

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Karim writes:
Very solid number in many respects

  • NFP +151k plus Net revisions +110k
  • Private sector job gwth +159k
  • Average hourly earnings +0.2% and index of aggregate hours +0.4% will combine with the jobs increase to produce a very strong personal income number for October
  • Hours data will also show up in stronger industrial production, cap u, etc.
  • Unemployment rate unch at 9.6% but that is well understood to be the last labor market indicator to turn
  • Some industry highlights in terms of net job changes: Construction +13k; Retail +16k; Temp +11k; Leisure and Hospitality -24k
  • Diffusion index roughly unch at 55 (from 55.6)
  • Median duration of unemployment at 21.2 from 20.4; U6 measure at 17% from 17.1%

The income gains generated from this number plus recent equity gains put consumer balance sheets in much better shape; the mix between spending, savings and debt reduction remains to be seen, but the outlook for spending is certainly better than it appeared before today.

So it looks like a 9% budget deficit is sufficient to overcome the drag from the 0 interest rate policy and the size of the Fed’s portfolio to support GDP at modest levels of growth, perhaps just above levels of productivity increases, which means a very modestly improving employment outlook.

But not enough for a meaningful reduction in the output gap, which probably requires a fiscal adjustment like a payroll tax suspension, or a jump in private sector credit expansion via houses and cars.

QE2 will add a bit more drag, but probably not enough to make much difference.

Extending the tax cuts is a positive for demand versus letting them expire.
But that would not be a tax cut, just not a tax hike.

And there’s a chance it would get ‘paid for’ with a spending cut elsewhere, maybe social security or medicare after the sustainability committee reports Dec 1 and scares them all.

Still looks like fear that we might be the next Greece is turning us into the next Japan.

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