Bernanke-“Grave”


[Skip to the end]

Karim writes:

Not a word you often see a Fed Chairman use:

….stabilization of our financial system is an essential precondition for economic recovery. I urge the Congress to act quickly to address the grave threats to financial stability that we currently face.

He outlined the channels in which this impacts the economy in this paragraph:

Ongoing developments in financial markets are directly affecting the broader economy through several channels, most notably by restricting the availability of credit. Mortgage credit terms have tightened significantly and fees have risen, especially for potential borrowers who lack substantial down payments or who have blemished credit histories. Mortgages that are ineligible for credit guarantees by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac–for example, nonconforming jumbo mortgages–cannot be securitized and thus carry much higher interest rates than conforming mortgages. Some lenders have reduced borrowing limits on home equity lines of credit. Households also appear to be having more difficulty of late in obtaining nonmortgage credit. For example, the Federal Reserve’s Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey reported that as of July an increasing proportion of banks had tightened standards for credit card and other consumer loans. In the business sector, through August, the financially strongest firms remained able to issue bonds but bond issuance by speculative-grade firms remained very light. More recently, however, deteriorating financial market conditions have disrupted the commercial paper market and other forms of financing for a wide range of firms, including investment-grade firms. Financing for commercial real estate projects has also tightened very significantly.

When worried lenders tighten credit, then spending, production, and job creation slow.

Separately, he stated that:

  • Economic activity was ‘decelerating broadly’ and that second half growth would be ‘appreciably below potential’
  • He noted improved housing affordability but also that th
  • He cited the usual ‘over time’ for the economy to improve and that inflation would moderate ‘later this year and next’, with significant uncertainty attached to both forecasts.


[top]

Bernanke


[Skip to the end]

Karim writes:

Most of testimony explaining actions of recent weeks. Direct comments on economy below. Focus on enabling financial conditions to improve ‘for a protracted period’ means that in Bernanke’s mind that hikes are off the table for a ‘protracted period’ and cuts may be on the table if inflation cooperates.

Notably, stresses in financial markets have been high and have recently intensified significantly. If financial conditions fail to improve for a protracted period, the implications for the broader economy could be quite adverse.

While perhaps manageable in itself, Lehman’s default was combined with the unexpectedly rapid collapse of AIG, which together contributed to the development last week of extraordinarily turbulent conditions in global financial markets. These conditions caused equity prices to fall sharply, the cost of short-term credit–where available–to spike upward, and liquidity to dry up in many markets. Losses at a large money market mutual fund sparked extensive withdrawals from a number of such funds. A marked increase in the demand for safe assets–a flight to quality–sent the yield on Treasury bills down to a few hundredths of a percent. By further reducing asset values and potentially restricting the flow of credit to households and businesses, these developments pose a direct threat to economic growth.


[top]

Re: Comments on Thoughts on Treasury plan


[Skip to the end]

(an interoffice email exchange)

>   
>   On Fri, Sep 19, 2008 at 9:50 AM, David wrote:
>   So creating liquidity for toxic assets RTC style.
>   

maybe, jury is still out on how that might work

>   
>   Make the government a little money and inspire confidence in banks, ok.
>   
>   We are thinking that this is overtly inflationary for financial assets (maybe all
>   assets?)
>   

supports a lot of equity value by removing a large element of risk, but cost to shareholders still unknown

fixed income going higher in yield, prices there going down

>   
>   Should I expect this to re-inflate the commodity asset bubble in the medium
>   term???
>   

not directly. crude price up to the Saudis.

>   
>   Do you think the dollar’s rally will help cap any commodity asset price rise???
>   

yes, in the competitive markets. crude is not a competitive market. saudis merely set price and let quantity adjust

>   
>   PS- I expected to come in today to $110+ crude, $8+ gas, and $900+ gold.
>   

as above. crude up even with dollar up, but gold down.

warren


[top]

From Professor Mitchell


[Skip to the end]

The JG is job guarantee, and it’s identical to ELR which is simply offering a national service job to anyone willing and able to work.

Bill is based in Australia, and his book can be ordered from this website.

He is one of the few who is ‘in paradigm’.

Excerpts from Bill’s email to me:

>   
>   I have been in South Africa and now in Europe. Today I gave workshops to
>   senior policy managers at the ILO in Geneva on employment guarantees. I have
>   some further meetings tomorrow with managers of ILO programs in Nepal and
>   Mozambique and they are keen to map out an agenda to introduce JGs in those
>   countries.
>   

Well done!

>   
>   I will provide a full report about all the workshops and meetings I have had in
>   the last 3 weeks when I get back home on Tuesday.
>   
>   Hope all is getting back to normal. The financial markets certainly are going
>   crazy. No-one has really said that the US government cannot afford to pump 82
>   billion here and some more there etc into defending financial capital. That issue
>   - of financial solvency and capacity of the Govt hasn’t come up. interesting.
>   

There have those giving warnings about solvency, and that the US will get downgraded if it goes too far.

And there are those that say ‘pumping in all that money’ is inflationary.
 
 
All the best!,
Warren


[top]

NYT: Treasury bills program


[Skip to the end]

>   
>   On Thu, Sep 18, 2008 at 4:21 PM, Eric Tymoigne wrote:
>   
>   One former FOMC member at least gets it (From the NYT) (well, at least if you
>   replace “can create money” by “can create reserve”):
>   

I’ve heard him before, and he definately doesn’t quite get it. See my comments below:

September 18, 2008, 3:15 pm

Will Government Bailouts Lead to Inflation?

by Catherine Rampell

A reader asks about inflation concerns, and finds a divided response from our panel:

I’m worried about how much the government is intervening. It appears that the last remaining weapon the government will have is printing more money. Is hyperinflation a real concern down the road? — Geoffrey Bell

The question is about hyperinflation.

From Bob McTeer of the National Center for Policy Analysis:

All the offsets do is to alter the resulting interest rate. The offsets have nothing to do with inflation. Fed operations are about pricing, not about inflation per se. The only connection Fed policy has regarding inflation is the further effect of the interest rate they select. It has nothing to do with quantity.

The Fed’s ability to lend is limitless because it can create money.

All Fed lending is ‘creating money’ (changing a number in a member bank’s reserve account).

So it’s not that it’s limitless because it ‘can’ ‘create money,’ it’s limitless because it always/only does ‘create money’.

Its ability to offset the lending is limited by its portfolio. Hence, its request to the Treasury to sell some extra Treasury bills. — Bob McTeer

Yes, and this is a self imposed constraint put on by government.

Functionally and operationally, a treasury security is nothing more than a credit balance in a security account.

Current law doesn’t allow the Fed to take funds into a securities account of its own creation.

This is one of many self-imposed constraints by government that are contributing to ‘the problem’.

warren


[top]

On the floor of the Senate today


[Skip to the end]

From the last two paragraphs it looks like another fiscal package is on the way?

Interesting how little damage to the real economy it takes to trigger a fiscal response – GDP last printed at 3.3% and the relatively modest job losses are not nearly enough to have triggered a fiscal response in the past from either party?

So it seems behind the rhetoric the Democrats in Congress are in fact reacting more to financial sector needs.

Probably because, like the Republicans, most of their constituents are also shareholders.

The move to broaden shareholdings has had profound political ramifications that has undercut the previous agendas of both parties.

A few months ago the far left in Congress was congratulating the Fed chairman for keeping inflation expectation well contained even as other prices were rising, after it was explained that this meant keeping wages in check.

Since when doe the ‘far left’ praise a Fed chairman for suppressing wages, especially when the cost of living is on the rise???

Having a nation of shareholders seems to have redirected overall public purpose?

The 30% corporate income tax means the government already ‘better than ownes’ 30% off all the US based equity- it’s the direct pipe, and easily increased or decreased by decree.

Equity held at this level has very different political effects than individual ownership of shares.

Yet there is no discussion of any of this, anywhere in the public debate.

Meanwhile, crude seems to be acting like the ‘Master’s inventory liquidation’ may have run its course and the Saudis are again moving prices back up as demand for their output remains firm and their excess capacity is too thin for comfort.

This drives down the USD, making our stocks ‘cheaper’ to foreigners, so look for more foreign takeovers, which will be spun as the US ‘needing’ foreign borrowers and being ‘rescued’ by them.

Reid: While Financial Markets Reel, Bush-McCain Republicans Call For More Of The Same

Washington, DC—Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid made the following statement today on the floor of the U.S. Senate. Below are his remarks as prepared for delivery:

“On the morning of October 30, 1929, President Herbert Hoover awoke the day after the biggest one-day stock market crash in American history, surveyed the state of the U.S. economy and declared, ‘The fundamental business of the country, that is production and distribution of commodities, is on a sound and prosperous basis.’

“In the coming weeks and months, President Hoover remained in an economic bubble, unaware of the extreme suffering of ordinary Americans – even declaring that anyone who questioned the state of the economy was a ‘fool.’ For Herbert Hoover, ignorance was bliss. And it wasn’t until the American people replaced this out of touch Republican president with a Democrat, Franklin Roosevelt, that our nation’s economic recovery began.

“Yesterday, nearly 80 years after the Hoover Administration took America with blissful ignorance into depression, the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped more than 500 points – the biggest one-day decline since trading opened after the attacks of 9/11. With one major investment bank headed for bankruptcy, another sold at a bargain-basement price, and one of the world’s largest insurance companies teetering, investors rushed to sell their shares.

“With our financial markets reeling, the American people are wondering whether they will lose their jobs, whether they will be able to pay their child’s next tuition bill, whether their pension and retirement savings will be safe.

“There is no reason to think we are headed into an economic depression. There is no reason to panic. Yet one Senator – John McCain – woke up yesterday morning, surveyed the state of the U.S. economy, summoned the ghost of his fellow Republican, Herbert Hoover, and declared, ‘The fundamentals of our economy are strong.’

“For whom are the fundamentals of our economy strong? Not for the 606,000 Americans who have lost their jobs this year alone. Not for the commuters and truckers who are sending more and more of their hard-earned dollars to pay for fuel. Not for all those struggling to make one pay check last until the next, with record hme heating prices looming in the coming winter months. Not for cities and towns that have been forced to cut back on police, schools and firefighters because their tax base is shrinking. And certainly not for the millions of families who have or may soon lose their homes, or for the tens of millions who are seeing their home equity plummet.

“No matter what George Bush, John McCain or the ghost of Herbert Hoover may think, this economy is not strong, and the American people deserve better.

“This is not a time for panic. But it is a time to look back on the past eight years of Bush-Hoover-McCain economics and figure out what brought us to this point so that we don’t repeat the same mistakes. And the tragic truth is that this disaster was avoidable. In its palpable disdain for all things relating to government, the Bush/Cheney Administration willfully neglected the government’s most important function: to safeguard the American people from harm.

“In their simplistic philosophy of ‘big business equals good, government equals bad,’ the Administration and the Republican Congress failed to conduct oversight and let the financial sector go wild. Without anyone regulating their actions, market excess destroyed the financial prudence that allowed a firm like Lehman Brothers to prosper for 158 years. Vast fortunes were made virtually over night, and now vast fortunes have been lost literally over night.

“The unfortunate irony is that the Bush Administration’s zeal to favor big business has now crippled it – and left the American people to pay the price. President Bush did nothing to stop this disaster, and now it’s clear he’ll leave the mess to the next president.

“Now our nation must decide who is better suited to end Bush-Hoover economics and return sanity and security to our economy. Senator McCain says the economy is not his strong suit, so he went searching for an economic advisor who could bolster his weakness. Who did he choose? Former Senator Phil Gramm. The same Phil Gramm who, as a Senator, was responsible for deregulation in the financial services industries that paved the way for much of this crisis to occur.

“A respected economist at the University of Texas, James K. Galbraith, said that Gramm was ‘the most aggressive advocate of every predatory and rapacious element that the financial sector has’ and that ‘he’s a sorcerer’s apprentice of instability and disaster in the financial system.’

“It was Phil Gramm who pushed legislation through a Republican Senate that allowed firms like Enron to avoid regulation and destroy the life savings of its employees, and it was Phil Gramm’s legislation that now allows Wall Street traders to bid up the price of oil, leaving us to pay the bill. Warren Buffet called the result of Gramm’s legislation ‘financial weapons of mass destruction.’ And now, the architect and leading cheerleader for every mistake and neglect that created the Bush/Cheney financial nightmare is whispering into the ear of John McCain – who says he doesn’t know much about the economy.

“Whether you call it Hoover economics, Bush economics, or McCain economics, it is not a recipe for change – it’s a recipe for more of the same.

“For all of the college students worried about finding a job, the working families who don’t know how they’ll pay the bills, and the fixed-income senior citizens trying to figure out how to pay for medicine, we must do better.

“We can’t afford another Republican president who will follow his party’s ghosts down the path of recession, depression and more suffering. We desperately need a president who understands that working people, not industry titans, are the backbone of our economy. We need a president who will cut taxes for working people and senior citizens; end the windfall profits of oil companies and put that money back into the pockets of those who are paying record prices at the pump; and put millions of Americans back to work by investing in jobs on Main Street, not Wall Street.

“In November, we can elect that President who will break from the past and invest in the future. Until then, the Senate should pass a second economic stimulus plan that funds infrastructure projects that will create jobs; prevents cuts in desperately-needed state services; and invests in renewable energy, expanded unemployment benefits for victims of the Bush-McCain economy, and helps working people and senior citizens afford the costs of energy.

“I expect the House of Representatives to pass a stimulus bill in the coming days. When it arrives in the Senate, I hope it will be embraced by Senators from both parties as a critical first step on the long road from economic ruin toward economic recovery.”


[top]

FOMC


[Skip to the end]

Wonder if Fisher cut a deal not to dissent for the hawkish inflation language?

Karim writes:

Decision (no cut) may be hawkish relative to expectations, but wording mostly dovish.

1st paragraph-all changes highlight downside risks to gwth; slowing export gwth a new wrinkle in addition to the usual financial market strains, labor market weakness and housing.

2nd paragraph-identical to prior except mention of inflation expectations has been dropped; so a downgrading of concern over inflation.

3rd paragraph-‘stand ready to act’ but no mention of ‘in a timely manner’.

Fisher dropped his dissent

NEW

Strains in financial markets have increased significantly and labor markets have weakened further. Economic growth appears to have slowed recently, partly reflecting a softening of household spending. Tight credit conditions, the ongoing housing contraction, and some slowing in export growth are likely to weigh on economic growth over the next few quarters. Over time, the substantial easing of monetary policy, combined with ongoing measures to foster market liquidity, should help to promote moderate economic growth.

Inflation has been high, spurred by the earlier increases in the prices of energy and some other commodities. The Committee expects inflation to moderate later this year and next year, but the inflation outlook remains highly uncertain.

The downside risks to growth and the upside risks to inflation are both of significant concern to the Committee. The Committee will monitor economic and financial developments carefully and will act as needed to promote sustainable economic growth and price stability.

OLD

Economic activity expanded in the second quarter, partly reflecting growth in consumer spending and exports. However, labor markets have softened further and financial markets remain under considerable stress. Tight credit conditions, the ongoing housing contraction, and elevated energy prices are likely to weigh on economic growth over the next few quarters. Over time, the substantial easing of monetary policy, combined with ongoing measures to foster market liquidity, should help to promote moderate economic growth.

Inflation has been high, spurred by the earlier increases in the prices of energy and some other commodities, and some indicators of inflation expectations have been elevated. The Committee expects inflation to moderate later this year and next year, but the inflation outlook remains highly uncertain.

Although downside risks to growth remain, the upside risks to inflation are also of significant concern to the Committee. The Committee will continue to monitor economic and financial developments and will act as needed to promote sustainable economic growth and price stability.


[top]

2008-09-16 JN Highlights


[Skip to the end]

Highlights:

Aug Consumer Sentiment Hits Record Low For 3rd Month
Govt Panel To Call For Cutting Corporate Tax To 30% By FY15
Ota Reelected As New Komeito Leader For Another 2 Years
Extra Budget To Total 1.81tn Yen, Govt Eyes 400bn Yen Bonds
Lehman Failure Not To Mar Japan Financial System: Ibuki
BOJ Injects Y1.5tln To Calm Markets
New-Condo Offerings Tumble 38% In Tokyo, Rise 7% In Osaka For Aug
Forex Focus: Yen To Benefit From Banking Woes
Stocks: Slide To 3-Year Low As Banks, Insurers Tumble
Bonds: Surge After Lehman Bankruptcy, Market Turmoil

 

Note Japan’s proposed fiscal responses: cutting corp tax and extra budget, while the proposed increased consumption tax has been delayed.

Same in most nations around the world.

Fiscal responses ‘work’ while interest rate cuts don’t.

The US tax rebates worked while there is no econometric evidence the rate cuts did anything, except maybe make things worse as they reduced personal income and contributed psychologically to a USD sell off and spike in import prices that probably hurt consumers at least as much as it helped exporters.

The Fed could to anything today from unchanged to a 50 cut.

They seemed to have decided to use interest rates for ‘monetary policy’ and other tools for ‘market functioning’.

So for market functioning they just expanded the scope of the TAF and the Treasury lending facility, and may do more of that type of thing at today’s meeting, including adjusting the terms of the discount rate.

The question is whether falling commodities and the stronger USD will lead to a further rate cut.

What the Fed knows and has recognized since the Bear Stearns episode is that markets are going to open every day and do their thing, as the last week’s activity has demonstrated.

The Fed’s perceived risk of markets simply not opening and not trading has subsided.

Also, with the Treasury take over of the agencies mtg rates have dropped over 50 bp and availability of mortgage funding has been sustained.

The Fed considers this an ‘easing of financial conditions’ and is the move they’ve wanted to see to support housing, which has shown signs of stabilizing.

And the Treasury has shown it’s there to ‘write the check’ as it sees the need to prevent systemic risk.

So from that point of view there has already been a substantial ease in ‘financial conditions’, and the Fed may not see a need for further immediate ease.

Their forecasts will continue to show ‘moderating inflation and continued downside risks to growth’.

It all depends on their fear factor. They could leave fed funds unchanged or cut up to 50, depending on their concern regarding systemic risk.


[top]

2008-09-16 USER


[Skip to the end]


ICSC-UBS Store Sales WoW (Sep 16)

Survey n/a
Actual -1.6
Prior -0.1
Revised n/a

 
Not a good sign, but partially seasonal (see year over year below). Shoppers getting scared by the financial sector again?

[top][end]

ICSC-UBS Store Sales YoY (Sep 16)

Survey n/a
Actual 1.30
Prior 1.90
Revised n/a

 
Down a bit, but still positive.

[top][end]


Redbook MoM (Sep 16)

Survey n/a
Actual -1.10
Prior -0.8
Revised n/a

 
Same, down some but somewhat seasonal (see year over year).

[top][end]

Redbook Weekly YoY (Sep 16)

Survey n/a
Actual 1.40
Prior 1.80
Revised n/a

 
Down some but still positive and off the bottom.

[top][end]

ICSC-Redbook Comparison TABLE (Sep 16)

[top][end]


Consumer Price Index MoM (Aug)

Survey -0.1%
Actual -0.1%
Prior 0.8%
Revised n/a

 
Down only a tenth even with the big drop in commodities.

[top][end]

CPI Ex Food and Energy MoM (Aug)

Survey 0.2%
Actual 0.2%
Prior 0.3%
Revised n/a

 
No let up here but this lags headline.

[top][end]

Consumer Price Index YoY (Aug)

Survey 5.5%
Actual 5.4%
Prior 5.6%
Revised n/a

 
Not much of a drop here as crude fell last august as well.

[top][end]

CPI Ex Food and Energy YoY (Aug)

Survey 2.6%
Actual 2.5%
Prior 2.5%
Revised n/a

 
Way above the Fed’s target and comfort zone

[top][end]

CPI Core Index SA (Aug)

Survey n/a
Actual 216.650
Prior 216.230
Revised n/a

[top][end]

Consumer Price Index NSA (Aug)

Survey 219.300
Actual 219.086
Prior 219.964
Revised n/a

[top][end]

Consumer Price Index ALLX 1 (Aug)

[top][end]

Consumer Price Index ALLX 2 (Aug)

[top][end]

Consumer Price Index TABLE (Aug)

[top][end]

Consumer Price Index TABLE 2 (Aug)

[top][end]

Consumer Price Index TABLE 3 (Aug)

[top][end]


NAHB Housing Market Index (Sep )

Survey 17
Actual 18
Prior 16
Revised n/a

 
A touch better than expected, perking up a bit, but still very low historically and could spring back quickly with the agencies back in action.

[top][end]

NAHB Housing Market Index TABLE (Sep)

[top][end]

NAHB Housing Market Index TABLE 2 (Sep)

 
Future sales looking pretty good.

[top][end]


FOMC Rate Decision (Sep 16)

Survey 2.00%
Actual 2.00%
Prior 2.00%
Revised n/a

 
Wonder if Fisher cut a deal not to dissent for the Hawkish inflation language

Karim writes:

Headline CPI -0.137% m/m and core CPI up .194% m/m

  • Trending items stayed on trend (OER +0.1% and medical +0.2%)

  • Volatile items a bit of a wash

  • Recreation (+0.5) and apparel (+1.0%) higher than normal

  • Lodging away from home (-1%) lower than normal

Fed view likely reinforced that decline in commodity prices plus growing economic slack, especially in labor market, will dampen inflation into 2009.

  • Decision (no cut) may be hawkish relative to expectations, but wording mostly dovish.

  • 1st paragraph- All changes highlight downside risks to growth; slowing export growth a new wrinkle in addition to the usual financial market strains, labor market weakness and housing.

  • 2nd paragraph-Identical to prior except mention of inflation expectations has been dropped; so a downgrading of concern over inflation.

  • 3rd paragraph-‘Stand ready to act’ but no mention of ‘in a timely manner’.

  • Fisher dropped his dissent.


[top]

2008-09-12 USER


[Skip to the end]


Producer Price Index MoM (Aug)

Survey -0.5%
Actual -0.9%
Prior 1.2%
Revised n/a

 
A welcome drop for the Fed but only wipes out part of last month’s gain.

[top][end]

PPI Ex Food and Energy MoM (Aug)

Survey 0.2%
Actual 0.2%
Prior 0.7%
Revised n/a

 
Again, moderating a bit, but the two month average is still very high.

[top][end]

Producer Price Index YoY (Aug)

Survey 10.2%
Actual 9.6%
Prior 9.8%
Revised n/a

 
Still sky high.

[top][end]

PPI Ex Food and Energy YoY (Aug)

Survey 3.7%
Actual 3.6%
Prior 3.5%
Revised n/a

 
Less than expected but still too high.

[top][end]


Advanced Retail Sales MoM (Aug)

Survey 0.2%
Actual -0.3%
Prior -0.1%
Revised -0.5%

 
Weaker than expected and previous month revised lower as well.

A large drop in gasoline sales due to falling prices was a factor. Ex gasoline sales retail sales were flat.

[top][end]

Advanced Retail Sales YoY (Aug)

Survey n/a
Actual 1.6%
Prior 2.1%
Revised n/a

 
While muddling through with modest increases, the drift looks lower.

[top][end]


Retail Sales Less Autos MoM (Aug)

Survey -0.2%
Actual -0.7%
Prior 0.4%
Revised 0.3%

 
Lower than expected and more than reverses last month.

[top][end]


Business Inventories (Jul)

Survey 0.5%
Actual 1.1%
Prior 0.7%
Revised 0.8%

 
Higher than expected. Question is whether this is in response to higher sales or unwanted due to lower sales.

[top][end]

Business Inventories YoY (Jul)

Survey n/a
Actual 6.4%
Prior 5.7%
Revised n/a

 
Inventory levels look reasonable here.


Karim writes:

  • Gas prices showing their importance

  • Confidence rises from 63 to 73.1 (though level still quite low historically)

  • 1yr fwd inflation expex fall from 4.8% to 3.6%

  • 5-10yr fwd inflation expex fall from 3.2% to 2.9% (back in the range)


[top]