macro update

Saudis remain price setter:

saudi-june

Main theme: deflationary biases

Greece is a deflationary event, as EU aggregate demand is further restricted, with no sign of any possibility of fiscal relaxation.

Oil fell as Saudis increased discounts, further reducing global capex and related asset prices.

US oil production that gets sold counts as GDP, and for Q3 both production and prices look to be lower. Yes, the lower price also reduces the deflator, but the fall in the price of oil relative to other prices reduces GDP.

The decline in oil prices has also directly lowered income earned from oil sales, royalties, etc. plus ‘multipliers’ as that lost income would have been ‘respent’ etc. This loss has been at least 1% of GDP and completely ignored by analysts who have been over forecasting growth by several % since oil prices declined.

And the more than 50% decline in drilling due to the lower prices = declining production as oil (and gas) output from existing wells declines over time. This means both less GDP and higher imports, a negative bias for the dollar.

Trade flows remain euro friendly and are taking over the price action, and trade will continue to put upward pressure on the euro until the trade surplus is reversed.

The stronger euro vs the dollar initially helps US stock psychology via earnings translations, etc. but hurts euro zone stocks, exports, GDP, etc. reversing this year’s growth forecasts. And a weaker euro zone economy is also a negative for the US.

Oil capex is down and not coming back until prices rise, and the US budget deficit is down further as well, and I see nothing else stepping up to replace the reduced private and public deficit spending that was offsetting the demand leakages (unspent income) inherent in the institutional structure that grows continuously. So unlike last year, when oil capex did the heaving lifting, I expect any bounce in Q2 gdp from Q1 to be modest and transitory.

The Fed may raise rates some not because of the state of the economy, but due to fears that current policy somehow risks some kind of financial instability. No discussion, of course, that Japan has had a 0 rate policy for over 20 years with perhaps the highest level of financial stability in the history of the world, perhaps indicating that a 0 rate policy promotes financial stability…

Employment seems to have begun to decelerate as well, with fewer new jobs each month and claims beginning to rise.

Unlike the last recovery that ended suddenly with a financial crisis that cut off credit, this one is ending with a fall off in aggregate demand from oil capex due to the Saudis cutting oil prices, so the sequence of events has not been the same. But, as always, it’s just a simple unspent income story.

Fed labor market index, ISM non manufacturing index, Bank lending, Greece

Prior month revised lower and this month lower
so Fed that much less likely to raise rates:

Labor Market Conditions Index
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Highlights
Growth in the nation’s labor market remains subdued with the labor market conditions index at plus 0.8 in June vs a revised plus 0.9 in May. The reading is barely over zero and underscores last week’s soft employment report. The Fed won’t be any hurry to begin raising its overnight policy rate based on June’s employment data.

Ok, number but less than Q1, with export orders and employment growth slowing:

ISM Non-Mfg Index
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Highlights
Rates of growth in ISM’s non-manufacturing report held steady and solid in June, at a composite index of 56.0 for a 3 tenths gain from May. New orders are strong, at 58.3 for a 4 tenths gain with backlogs back over 50 at 50.5 for a 2 point gain. Growth in export orders slowed but still held over 50 at 52.0 in a reminder that services exports, unlike goods exports, are in surplus.

Other readings include a strong reading for business activity, up 2.0 points to 61.5, a gain offset by slowing in employment to 52.7 from a strong four-month streak over the 55 level. The report’s price reading slowed slightly to 53.0, a soft level contrasting with inflationary signals in this morning’s PMI service report.

A strong signal in this report is wide breadth among 18 industries with 15 showing growth with two of the exceptions, however, including mining and construction. Contraction in the latter is a surprise given wide indications of growth in housing.

This report is solid but, together with the PMI services index, point to a lack of acceleration for the end of the second quarter.
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To my point right after oil prices fell- banks will see large declines in the value of collateral backing their loans which could lead to capital write downs and institution specific lending restrictions, further dampening sales, output, and employment:

Banks Face Curbs on Oil, Gas Lending

By Gillian Tan, Ryan Tracy and Ryan Dezember

July 3 (WSJ) — U.S. regulators are sounding the alarm about banks’ exposure to oil-and-gas producers, a move that could limit their ability to lend to companies battered by a yearlong slump in prices.


The Federal Reserve, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. are telling banks that a large number of loans they have issued to these companies are substandard, said people familiar with the matter, as they issue preliminary results of a joint national examination of major loan portfolios.

The substandard designation indicates regulators doubt a borrower’s ability to repay or question the value of the assets that back a loan. The designation typically limits banks’ ability to extend additional credit to the borrowers.


The move could add an extra obstacle to companies struggling with high debt loads amid lower prices for the oil and natural gas they produce. Banks have been flexible with troubled energy companies to avoid triggering a flood of defaults and bankruptcy filings, but regulatory pressure could force them to tighten the purse strings.


This year’s Shared National Credit review process contrasts with those in prior years, when regulators didn’t broadly disagree with the banks’ own ratings of credit facilities known as reserve-based loans, the people said. But regulators are paying closer attention to these loans amid worries that a sustained slump in energy prices could lead to big losses for banks, they added.

Twice a year, banks themselves review the value of oil and gas deposits that companies have the right to extract and use as collateral for bank loans. Declines in commodity prices can prompt lenders to reduce their commitments to companies. The effects of such reductions can cascade through energy companies’ capital structures and require them to look elsewhere for funds.

Earlier this year, a number of energy producers sold bonds, took out term loans or sold new shares to replace shrinking reserve-based loans. While some of those moves were forced, others were pre-emptive.

Large energy lenders include Wells Fargo & Co., J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. and Bank of America Corp.

Regulators declined to discuss their conversations with specific banks but have been raising concerns about energy loans. On Tuesday, the OCC, in a semiannual report on emerging risks, said it is monitoring oil-and-gas production loans and said the “significant decline in oil prices in 2014 could put pressure on loan portfolios.” The report didn’t detail the examination of reserve-based loans.

The latest effort comes amid a broader crackdown on lending that regulators consider risky. In 2013, the Fed, OCC and FDIC issued guidance to deter banks from issuing leveraged loans that would increase the companies’ debt loads to levels they consider too high.

Bankers said they are concerned that this latest effort could push some struggling borrowers over the edge, which could, in turn, create more pain for the banks.

“They’re taking a broad brush to the entire sector and not really differentiating between secured and unsecured loans,” one senior leveraged-finance banker said of regulators’ treatment of reserve-based loans.

A number of energy companies already have filed for bankruptcy protection, and others are exploring options to raise capital or restructure their debt loads.

So far, the suffering hasn’t been as widespread as was initially feared when prices plummeted last year.

Bankers are selectively appealing some substandard ratings, especially for companies that can reduce spending and pay down some debt, said people familiar with the matter.


But for the companies that retain the negative rating, any issuance of new debt will likely need to reflect an improvement in creditworthiness, the people said. Options include the addition of loan terms known as covenants, which protect lenders but can increase a company’s risk of default.


Banks may turn to equity or bonds to supply additional financing to borrowers with the substandard designation, some of the people said, though both are costlier for companies than loans.

Analysts expect the oil slump to begin taking a greater toll on companies this fall, when banks review their reserve-based loans. In a note to clients this week, Wells Fargo Securities analysts said that only 30% of the expected oil output in 2016 from the companies they track has been presold at above-market prices, versus 56% of crude production that was hedged this year.


The analysts also said the prolonged period of lower revenue could push more companies closer to violating agreements with creditors to maintain certain profitability levels, and that they expect stock investors to be “more discerning” when offered new shares from heavily indebted companies.

The ECB has begun the move to remove the eligibility of Greek debt as collateral for ECB loans:

ECB maintains emergency assistance for Greek banks, but adjusts haircut on collateral

By Everett Rosenfeld and Matt Clinch

Now that the EU realizes it doesn’t need Greece, the terms are unlikely to be altered. With Greek leadership still committed to staying with the euro and the EU, they take on the role of beggars.

“Even if it came to a collapse of some individual banks, the risk of contagion is relatively small,” Schaeuble told Bild. “The markets have reacted with restraint in the last few days. That shows that the problem is manageable.”

Greek Leaders Says Goal Is to Secure Country’s Financing

By By Eleni Chrepa and Constantine Courcoulas

July 5 (Bloomberg) — Greek party leaders seek solution that secures country’s financing needs, reforms, growth plan and talks on Greek debt sustainability, according to joint statement sent by the Greek president’s office.
Immediate priority is to restore liquidity for Greek economy in cooperation with the ECB
Joint statement signed by Greek PM Alexis Tsipras, acting New Democracy leader Evangelos Meimarakis, Potami party leader Stavros Theodorakis and Pasok party leader Fofi Gennimata
NOTE: Earlier, Greek Showdown Looms With Europe Demanding Tsipras Make Move Link


*GREEK LEADERS: REFERENDUM GIVES NO MANDATE FOR RUPTURE

The call for humanitarian aide puts Greece in a category with other depressed nations seeing that kind of assistance, as Greece turns into a footnote:

European Parliament president: Need to urgently discuss humanitarian aid for Greece

July 5 (CNBC) — European institutions need to urgently discuss a humanitarian aid program for Greece, the …

Greece loses the gambit

It now looks to me like Greece has lost the wrestling match.
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The other EU members are very sensitive to market reactions.

The question was whether the EU economy needed Greece, and the answer is now looking more and more like ‘no’.

Not a good position for Greece to find itself after posturing as if it is needed.

That is, Greece forced a test of that question and appears to have the leverage the possibility that they were needed gave them.

The euro did fall, which was extremely worrisome even though it did help exports. There is always the fear, particularly in Germany, of a currency collapse that brings inflation with it. At least so far, that hasn’t happened, with the euro holding about 5% above the lows and recovering from the initial knee jerk reaction from today’s referendum.
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Real GDP forecasts remain positive, helped quite bit by the lower euro, and while high, unemployment has stabilized.

The camp claiming that Greece has been dragging down the entire EU economy is getting more support from the same data.

And so now while Greece isn’t being formally ousted, it will see it’s economy continue to deteriorate if it doesn’t agree to troika terms and return to ‘normal funding’ via securities sales at low rates under the ECB’s ‘do what it takes’ umbrella, and rejoin the rest of the members.

If the govt starts paying in IOU’s payments get made for a while, however they will be discounted ever more heavily with time, raising the cost of re entry to ‘normal’ funding, and the EU counts those as additions to deficit spending which could cause the terms of re entry to be that much steeper.

And any movement by Greece to use alternative funding will be taken as reason not to return Greece to ‘normal’ funding under the ECB umbrella.

Greece

Not much to say that hasn’t already been said.

I saw nothing good coming out of a yes or no vote and I still see it that way.

And watch for the follow up polls on the demographics of the vote- who voted, what they say they knew about what they voted for, etc. etc.

The no vote along with the payment past due to the IMF give cause to the ECB to no longer consider Greek govt obligations as ‘eligible collateral’ for ECB loans, and maybe not count as assets for purposes of determining a bank’s equity capital. These measure could cause banks to not be able to attract euro deposits and loans, and therefore those banks would not allow their depositors to withdraw euros or transfer balances to other banks until the deposits could be replaced.

Varoufakis stated an agreement with the troika would be reached within 24 of a no vote. If so, since both what the troika offered and what Greece countered with are negatives for the Greek economy the chances of any material improvement are not good.

For all practical purposes debt relief- the write down of Greek debt- does next to nothing positive for the Greek economy, since the existing debt is already long term and at very low interest rates.

The EU has a general problem of low aggregate demand and both the troika’s and the Greek govt’s proposals are likely to further reduce public and private sector spending.

The Greek govt resorted to nationalism to promote it’s desired ‘no’ vote. Success with this tactic will only promote more of same across the EU, where in many places it’s already taken root. And let’s just say nationalism isn’t generally a force for ‘peace on earth and good will towards men’ etc.

All of this remains supportive for euro exchange rates. Unlike govt debt crises of the past which were about debt in foreign currencies, this time there won’t, for example, be any selling of euro to get the currency needed to make debt payments, as the debt is of course already in euro. So good luck to whoever is doing the selling on this news:
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Comments on Greece

So the euro is down a % or 2 because of the Greek debt drama. Generally currencies go down on debt drama when the debt is in a foreign currency and it’s feared the govt will have to sell local currency to get the fx to make the payments. For example, the peso might go down should there be concern over Mexico paying the IMF in dollars. But with Greece this isn’t the case, as there’s no fear they will sell euro to get euro to make payments. But the players sell euro anyway, because that’s what you do when there is a debt crisis. Then they have to buy them back, with no state selling to help them cover.

What’s been exposed yet again is a world that doesn’t understand its monetary systems, including central bankers who don’t understand banking, as well as the mainstream media and all of the politicians and their finance ministers talking and doing the big stupid at the expense of their electorate, which also doesn’t understand it enough to have any awareness whatsoever of the total lack of expertise at the highest levels.

Meanwhile, at the macro level, deflationary policy continues including negative rates, QE, tight fiscal, structural reforms, and all that goes with it. And debt defaults, should they happen are also deflationary. And all of this deflationary bias is also evidenced by most all market prices.

Greece reading IOU’s to pay public sector workers

Yes, this is viable operationally, as it going back to drachma.

However, there’s a lot that can go wrong, as demonstrated by prior episodes of inflation, high interest rates, high unemployment, and currency depreciation.

Not to mention the temptation of the channels of mass corruption also too often employed in the past by local leaders, which will be an immediate consideration at the referendum.

Greek pension funds ration payouts

(FT) — Haris Theoharis, formerly the head of Greece’s independent revenue collection office, said the government was preparing to issue IOUs next month to pay more than 600,000 public sector workers as a first step towards readopting the drachma.

He said a team from the national accounts office at the finance ministry was working on a “drachma plan” at the office of prime minister Alexis Tsipras.

“The first stage is to replace euros with IOUs that could be sold at a discount, for example, and used to pay taxes,” Mr Theoharis told the FT. “It would take several months to implement the return of the drachma.”

A government spokesman denied the existence of such a team.

Euro area trade, Greece comment

The latest trade release is very euro friendly. The lower euro, forced down by selling and not by trade, has increased the euro area trade surplus and with sellers largely exhausted, the euro goes up until the trade surplus goes away..
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So Tsipras rejected this latest offer which, based on his earlier offer, indicates he wouldn’t even accept his own offer if the troika agreed to it, but would put it to a popular vote next week.

Note the restructure terms, for all practical purposes, are functionally equal to what could be called the debt forgiveness Tsipras wanted.

Juncker makes last-minute offer to Greece: Sources

By

June 30 (Reuters) — “The offer published on Sunday incorporated a proposal from Greece that would set value-added tax rates on hotels at 13 percent, rather than at 23 percent as originally planned in the lenders’ proposals. It was not immediately clear whether there would be any additional changes.

If the offer were accepted, the euro zone finance ministers could adopt a statement saying that a 2012 pledge to consider stretching out loan maturities, lowering interest rates and extending an interest payment moratorium on euro zone loans to Greece would be implemented in October.”

existing home sales, Greece and China comments

So after cheering the big jump last month to 112.4, it gets revised down to only 111.6, so the lower than expected print of 112.6 vs 113 expected is now hailed as a larger than expected increase from last month, as the shameless cheer leading continues:

United States : Pending Home Sales Index
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Highlights
Solid momentum is building inside the housing market based on the ongoing run of very strong data including today’s pending home sales index which is up a better-than-expected 0.9 percent in the May report which tops Econoday expectations for a 0.6 percent gain. The index level, at 112.6, is as high as it’s been since the bubble days of 2006.

Sales have been very strong in the West where pending sales rose 2.2 percent in May for a 13.0 percent year-on-year gain. Pending sales in the South, up 10.6 percent year-on-year, have also been strong though the region did dip 0.8 percent in the latest month. Sales also dipped in the Midwest, down 0.6 percent for a year-on-year plus 7.8 percent, but they rose sharply in the Northeast where housing after a heavy winter is bouncing back strongly, up 6.3 percent in this report for a year-on-year again of 10.6 percent.

Today’s report points to further strength for the existing home sales report which surged in data posted last week. Housing is getting a boost from the strong jobs market together perhaps with the prospect of rising mortgage rates which may be pushing buyers into the market. Watch for Case-Shiller home price data on tomorrow’s calendar.

Year over year % change, as the absolute number remains depressed:
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Pending home sales index- only back to previous highs of what was also a depressed market:
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NAR: Pending Home Sales Index increased 0.9% in May, up 10% year-over-year

By Bill McBride

So after reading this and a few other articles it seems they think a ‘run on the banks’ somehow removes euro that could otherwise be used to pay creditors. This implies either some kind of plan to tax bank deposits to pay creditors or just the continued evidence of gross ignorance of their own monetary system. In any case seems the most likely outcome is a yes vote for the troika plan which gives the leadership the desired political cover to go ahead and sign it and move on and remain the European citizens in good standing they’ve always been…

And this would also be yet another victory for the ongoing deflationary policies, this time being spun as explicit support from the people, proving once again that populations dislike inflation even more than they dislike unemployment. This means the focused pursuit of a trade surplus is intact, and I’ve yet to see a currency with a persistent trade surplus and a weak currency:
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Greece Bailout: Eurozone Ministers to Explore ‘Plan B’ (WSJ) The first step in what has commonly been referred to as “Plan B” among Greece’s creditors would likely be the introduction of capital controls to avoid a run on the country’s banks. But in comparison to Cyprus, which implemented capital controls as part of a €10 billion bailout package from the eurozone and the International Monetary Fund, the financial situation of the Greek government is much more precarious. The eurozone portion of Greece’s €245 billion rescue package runs out on Tuesday, the same day the government has to pay €1.55 billion to the IMF.

Doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results…

China cuts reserve ratio, interest rates to bolster growth (Xinhua) The central bank cut the RRR for commercial banks serving rural areas, agriculture and small businesses by 50 basis points (bps). The RRR for finance companies, or non-bank financial institutions, will be lowered by 300 bps, the PBOC announced. Benchmark interest rates have also been cut. Interest rates for one-year lending and deposits are cut by 25 bps to 4.85 percent and 2 percent respectively. Lending of other terms and kinds will also be lowered by the same margin, the announcement said. It is the third RRR reduction in nearly five months, while the fourth round of interest cuts in nearly seven months.