View from Europe


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Here in Europe, things are worsening at a breathtaking speed: the Mediterranean countries are probably bankrupt (but everybody pretends not to know this as to keep the spirits high) and hence there is some chatter that Spain and Italy are about to leave the Eurozone.

Even in our biggest port of Rotterdam some sandwich salesman told in a TV program that he sells almost no sandwiches because the daily number of hungry truck drivers leaving that port with goods is now less than 10% (!) of that of only a few month ago – therefore (according to this TV program) he sells only 10% of his usual amount of sandwiches.

I got caught by the Madoff swindle, my bank (triple A, audited by KPMG, so by now one should consider that to be a very suspicious CV) had sold me a product (also triple A, and approved by KPMG) that ultimately proved to be guaranteed by Madoff (through two other banks one of them the Deutsche Bank) ,so I lost 50,000 Euro’s overnight. According to our Dutch financial commentators, the difference between Madoff and ordinary banks is non-existent: banks have almost no assets either, so maybe the USA government will bail out Madoff as well as City Bank.


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Fed swap lines moving up


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Fed $US lending via its ‘unlimited’ swap lines are moving up through the highs.

The Dec 18 daily average was $642,233 million, up $14,203 million from week of Dec. 10. The week ending balance was $682,431.

For all practical purposes these are unsecured $US loans to foreign central banks, who ‘re-lend’ the funds to their member banks vs any ‘appropriate’ collateral, which includes bank paper, etc.

Bernanke stated these are all good loans because they are the obligations of the central banks.

Personally, I suspect if he tried to sell the $30 billion loan to the Bank of Mexico it would only sell at a substantial discount.

The lines are set to expire in April. It could easily turn out that none of it is collectible, as a practical matter, making this entire operation functionally a fiscal transfer.

The ECB recently announced it would cut itself off as of the end of January due to ‘lack of use’ by it’s member banks, who have
something over $300 billion outstanding.

I suspect the ECB may actually be trying to keep a lid on the euro.


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Securitized Products Weekly Update: 12/22/08


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Securitized Products Weekly Update: 12/22/08

Overview

Securitized products continued to have a positive tone last week assisted by momentum from FOMC announcements. The RMBS sector benefited the most in hopes that aggressive downward pressure on mortgage rates will increase prepay speeds (thus enhancing yields in a deeply discounted market). CMBS shorter pays and junior AAAs firmed on the week along with more seasoned super dupers.

CMBS/X

  • CMBS cash continued to stabilize (from violent Nov swings) last week on lighter flows, with shorter pay A1-A3 supers and AM/AJ classes tightening the most and LCF’s (Last Cash Flow classes) firm but generally unchanged
  • LCF’s trading around +950 (~$70 price; 12% yield) although the market is becoming more bifurcated between deals considered to be safer and those perceived to have real credit risk; the trading range between the most/least desirable ’07 LCF’s is now in the 350bps range
  • Non-super AAAs seeing renewed buying interest; AMs were up another 5-6 pts week-over-week now trading in hi 40s
  • The market is taking increased note of relative value in shorter pay A1-A3 classes, as those classes tightened 50-75bps on the week
  • CMBX.AAA.4 tightened 77 bps on the week on relatively light flows and profit taking
  • The street reports spending increasing efforts to educate opportunity funds interested in CMBS; appx 25% have started buying and 75% still completing due diligence
  • Fitch reports that CRE loan delinquencies (held in CRE CDOs) declined from Oct to Nov from 3.1% to 2.8% as a result of increasing loan extensions being granted
  • Centro, distressed Australian retail REIT who levered up to buy U.S. shopping centers, averted bankruptcy by transferring 90% ownership control to lenders in exchange for loan extensions on maturing debt
  • GGP, a major U.S. mall REIT, was able to extend maturing secured loans in exchange for lender concessions
  • Both the Centro and GGP situations reflect lenders reluctance to foreclose/liquidate in this market and indicate that more extensions/modifications are likely for maturing CRE (commercial real estate) loans that cannot be refinanced
  • Market chatter about the Federal Reserve possibly buying CMBS directly in secondary markets continues to get some press
  • JPM liquidated a portfolio of CMBS securities on margin from Guggenheim, a levered CRE strategy fund and large TRS player
  • CMBS market tone improving and feels like it will be better bid after the turn, although the fact that new loan origination remains in a deep freeze is of concern

RMBS

  • RMBS continued to rally this week, Jumbo and Alt A super seniors were up 3-5 pts and Option ARMs were up 2 points
  • ABX 06 AAAs were up 2-4 pts and 07 AAAs were up 4-5 post FOMC moves and the government’s stated objective of driving down mortgage rates
  • Optimism in RMBS was sparked by hopes that lower mortgage rates will drive faster prepay speeds as the non-agency market presently prices to rock-bottom CPR assumptions
  • Both ML and JPM announced buy recommendations on non-agency AAA MBS based upon assessments that increasing traction from aggressive federal actions will accelerate the bottoming of the housing market and mitigate the risk of an over-correction on the downside
  • Affordability in a number of MSAs has now fully corrected to pre-bubble levels and lower mortgage rates will speed up the process across all markets
  • Although affordability metrics have improved and will further benefit from lower mortgage rates, rising unemployment will be a major headwind
  • Although mortgage modification efforts have yet to show results, the market senses a growing conviction on the part of the new administration to aggressively pursue mortgage modifications that will entail removing loans from securitized pools and encouraging principal reductions
  • JPM expects bottoming of house pricing to now occur in mid-09, escalating this timeframe from a prior expectation of 1H10
  • Citi is aggressively buying Option ARM super seniors and effectively setting market levels for this sector
  • Housing starts dropped to the lowest level in 50 years
  • JPM is advocating buying RMBS AAA Mezz trading in the $30s as it has the greatest convexity upside to increased mods/prepays
  • ML/Citi issued buy recommendations on super senior Option ARMs and certain Alt A AAA structures
  • Although most government actions have been initially directed towards improving conforming mortgage markets, non-agency RMBS is expected to become the beneficiary of 2009 actions expected to focus on foreclosure forbearance and more aggressive modification/principal writedowns

Credit Cards/Autos

  • Better tone to ABS market at higher-end of credit stack although flows were generally light and domestic Auto ABS continues to struggle
  • New Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices (“UDAP”) legislation passed will increase regulatory cost to card issuers but will have no significant adverse impact on profitability or trading levels
  • Some additional TALF details were announced including a term extension from one to three years; since TALF will only apply to newly issued ABS, it is likely to create a bifurcated market between TALF eligible and non-eligible ABS; TALF rate and haircut terms have yet to be announced
  • The BACCT (BofA) Credit Card Master Trust began trapping excess spread at the C class (BBB) level, prompting Card mezz classes to widen 50-75bps on the week
  • JPM significantly enhanced the WAMU Credit Card Master Trust by swapping out $6B of weaker accounts for stronger accounts
  • Although Nov results showed card charge-offs increased ~20bps to 6.7%, this was more than offset by margin improvement from declining Libor which boosted overall excess spread to 6.0%, up from 4.3% in Oct
  • Many synthetic CDOs invest note issuance proceeds in AAA credit card ABS due to cards historic ratings stability and available liquidity; liquidations of synthetic CDOs continues to adversely impact AAA card technicals as more AAA classes are forced back into the market
  • Auto ABS was buffeted by news highlighting rapid deterioration at GM and Chrysler and culminated with an announced bridge loan to get them over the turn
  • Independents and foreign issuer shelves continue to outperform domestic Auto ABS
  • Volkswagen was able to issue a new $1B ABS transaction last week; 1 year AAAs came at L+350

CDO/CLO

  • Little trading activity last week. BWIC with a AAA CRE CDO bond was talked in single digits (although didn’t trade) reflecting the rating agencies unwillingness to downgrade AAA CRE CDO paper. Market consensus on the bond was that there was little likelihood for any return of principal
  • Moody’s cautioned today that it will be reviewing their ratings on 109 CRE CDOs. AAAs may be downgraded 2-6 notches (4-8 notches on lower rated tranches). Moody’s expects to complete their review by Feb 09
  • JPM has been a large buyer of super senior AAA CLO paper the last few weeks. Huge OWICs over the last few weeks in 450a for high quality managers, which is about 100bps tighter than where BWICs had been trading. Current count has JPM adding $1.1BN to their $14BN AAA CLO exposure
  • A large wave of S&P downgrades on high yield loans last week threaten to trigger OC test failures in CLOs. Failure of OC tests results in cash flows being redirected from mezz class to senior note holders
  • S&P announced that they are reviewing the assumptions used to model CLOs and placed many mezz classes on negative watch over the last few weeks. BBB/BB classes are expected to be most impacted

Securitized Products

Name Approx $ Approx Yield Approx Spread Approx WoW Change WAL Description
CMBS
CMBS First/Current Pay low 90s 11% 900 -50 bps 1-3 Class currently being repaid; top of credit stack
CMBS Second Pay low 80s 14% 1250 -50 bps 1-4 Class next to pay down after 1st pay
CMBS Last Cash Flow (LCF) 70 12% 950 flat 7-9 Most liquid and largest AAA class
CMBS AM 45 18% 1950 + 5-7 pts 7-9 20% Credit Enhancement, AAA Mezz class
CMBS AJ low 30s 25% 2350 + 6-8 pts 7-9 Junior AAA, CE is 10-13 area
CMBS IO $0.5-$2.5 23-25% 2300 -100 bps 2-4 Credit levered interest only strip
CMBX4 07-2 AAA 523 -77 bps Consists of 25 mid-07 CMBS deals
CMBX4 07-2 AJ 1449 -181 bps Sub-index of junior AAAs
RMBS
RMBS Subprime First Pay 80s 15% 1300-1400 2 pts 1-3 Borrower FICO <685
RMBS Option ARM Super Senior ~42 16% 1300 3 pts 2-9 Alt A mortgages w/neg am options
RMBS Jumbo Pass Throughs ~69 4 pts 5-15 Prime borrowers w/loan size above conforming
ABX 07-2 LCF AAAs 32 1117 -34 Last cash flow subprime AAA
ABS
ABS Tier 1 Credit Cards (“AAA”) mid 90s 7% 525 flat 1-2 Shelves include JPM, CITI, BofA, and AMEXShelves include JPM, CITI, BofA, and AMEX
ABS Tier 2 Credit Cards (“AAA”) high 80s 8.25% 650 flat 1-2 Capital One, Discover, GE & private label retailers
ABS Tier 1 Cards (“A” Rated) low 80s 12% 1100 +50 bps 1-9 2nd loss mezz classes
ABS Tier 1 Cards (“BBB” Rated) low 80s 12% 1425 +75 bps 1-9 1st loss classes
ABS Prime Autos First Pay (“AAA”) mid 90s 7% 525 flat 1-2 Best shelves
ABS Prime Autos Second Pay (“AAA”) low 80s 7.50% 575 flat 2-3 Best shelves
CDO/CLO
CLO Super Senior 80s 7-9% 450-550 0 5.0-8.0 1st in CLO structure to be repaid
CLO Mezz (“BB” Rated) teens 65% 5700 0 3.0-9.0 Junior most bond in CLO structure, may “turbo”
CRE CDOs 40s/50s n/a 5.0-9.0 CDOs w/Whole Loans, Bnote/Mezz, CDO/CMBS


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Re: NYtimes.com: Mortgage Re- Defaults Rising, No Sign of Slowing


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>   
>   On Mon, Dec 22, 2008 at 12:29 PM, Bill wrote:
>   
>   The dominant reason loan modifications fail IMMEDIATELY is
>   because the borrower’s financial condition is far worse than
>   your records indicate. The most likely reason that’s true is
>   that your loan officers instructed the borrower to lie on the
>   original loan application so that the loan would be approved
>   and the loan officer would get a bigger bonus. The next most
>   common explanation is that the borrower lied on his own
>   initiative.
>   
>   Best, Bill
>   

Agreed, the primary reason for the losses is the lenders were defrauded, often by their own employees.

My proposal was for the government to let homes go into foreclosure and then buy them from the lenders at the lower of appraisal or the mortgage balance, and then rent them at fair market rents to the previous owner, with a right of first refusal on a sale which would happen a year or more in the future.

Yes, it’s an admin nightmare, but far less so than the other proposals and programs I’ve seen, and avoids issues with existing mortgage holders.

It ‘keeps people in their homes’ while at the same time provides for an orderly recycling of the homes.

But it’s never going to happen.

Also, delinquencies on the existing subprime loans seems to have leveled off for a couple of months at just under 20%, last I checked.

Warren

Mortgage re-defaults rising with no sign of slowing

WASHINGTON (Reuters) – The rate of home mortgage borrowers defaulting after their loans are modified is rising and shows no signs of leveling off, U.S. banking regulators said on Monday.

The data showed that after six months, nearly 37 percent of mortgage loans modified in the first quarter were 60 or more days delinquent. After three months, 19 percent were 60 or more days delinquent or in the process of foreclosure.

“One very troubling point is that, whether measured using 30-day or 60-day delinquencies, re-default rates increased each month and showed no signs of leveling off after six months or even eight months,” John Dugan, head of the Office of theComptroller of the Currency, said in a statement.

The number of delinquencies rose across all loan categories, although subprime loans had the highest default rates. At the same time, nine out of 10 mortgages remain current, the joint report by OCC and the Office of Thrift Supervision said.

Some U.S. lawmakers and the head of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp have called for a more aggressive effort by lenders to modify mortgage terms to help keep people in their homes.

The data, some of which was released in preliminary form earlier this month, were based on information collected from some of the biggest U.S. institutions, such as Bank of America, Citibank and JPMorgan Chase.


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Re: Looks like Central Banks are losing it


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(email exchange)

In actual fact they’ve never had it to lose.

>   
>   On Mon, Dec 22, 2008 at 11:02 AM, Russell wrote:
>   

The New Doom-and-Gloomers

My, how times have changed.

A year ago, few policymakers, “strategists,” or economists, here or elsewhere, saw an economic downturn coming (even though the National Bureau of Economic Research now says that a U.S. recession actually began in December 2007).

Now, as the following Agence France-Presse report, “World Faces Total Financial Meltdown: Spain’s Bank Chief,” reveals, we have central bankers who sound like doom-and-gloomers (gearing up to write their own books, perhaps?).

The governor of the Bank of Spain on Sunday issued a bleak assessment of the economic crisis, warning that the world faces a “total” financial meltdown unseen since the Great Depression.

“The lack of confidence is total,” Miguel Angel Fernandez Ordonez said in an interview with Spain’s El Pais daily.

“The inter-bank (lending) market is not functioning and this is generating vicious cycles: consumers are not consuming, businessmen are not taking on workers, investors are not investing and the banks are not lending.

“There is an almost total paralysis from which no-one is escaping,” he said, adding that any recovery – pencilled in by optimists for the end of 2009 and the start of 2010 – could be delayed if confidence is not restored.

No, if the appropriate fiscal balance is not restored-

Might I suggest an immediate payroll tax holiday?

Immediate revenue sharing?

Offering a federally funded job to anyone willing and able to work?

Doesn’t get any simpler than that?

Where’s the ‘complex’ problem?

Yes, they are too far out of paradigm to or they never would have let it all go this far, and being willing to wait yet another month for a fiscal response.

Sadly, another case of innocent fraud.

Ordonez recognised that falling oil prices and lower taxes could kick-start a faster-than-anticipated recovery, but warned that a deepening cycle of falling consumer demand, rising unemployment and an ongoing lending squeeze cannot be ruled out.

“This is the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression” of 1929, he added.

Ordonez said the European Central Bank, of which he is a governing council member, will cut interest rates in January if inflation expectations go much below two per cent.

“If, among other variables, we observe that inflation expectations go much below two per cent, it’s logical that we will lower rates.”

As if any of that matters.

Regarding the dire situation in the United States, Ordonez said he backs the decision by the US Federal Reserve to cut interest rates almost to zero in the face of profound deflation fears.

The blind leading the blind.

Central banks are seeking to jumpstart movements on crucial interbank money markets that froze after the US market for high-risk, or subprime, mortgages collapsed in mid 2007, and locked tighter after the US investment bank Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy in mid-September.

Interbank markets are a key link in the chain which provides credit to businesses and households.

The central bankers and mainstream economists in general are the ‘missing links’, anthropologically speaking.


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AVM Corporate Credit Weekly Update


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AVM Corporate Credit Weekly (Dec 19)

General Commentary

It looks like people definitely took our thoughts from last week to heart, as the “January Effect” came early to the corporate credit markets this past week. The IG, High Yield and Leveraged loan CDX indices tightened by 45, 100 and 404 bps respectively, since last Thursday’s close. Despite a 400bp rally, LCDX still trades approximately 50 bps wide of HY CDX. This may continue, as the recently defaulted Hawaiian Telecom’s loans’ settling at 40 cents on the dollar does not bode well for the future of loan recoveries.

In the cash markets, investment grade credit has been the star, as the Lehman Corporate Index is up 5.41% MTD and has also managed to outperform treasuries. Despite solid performance this week, the high yield market and the equity markets have been laggards this month, down -0.52% and -0.56% respectively.

News that the Fed is “all in” and broker (sorry) bank earnings that were not as bad as feared, helped the market follow through on last week’s strength. The market actually managed to shrug off S&P’s downgrade of Bank America, Citi, JP Morgan and several other banks of Friday morning. While it will take a while for central bank actions and other forms of stimulus to take hold, the fact remains that a huge amount of money is being focused on repairing the credit markets. At the same time credit valuations are at depression era valuations, while equities are definitely not in that camp. Thus, I would expect credit continue to outperform equities in early 2009.

Investment Grade

  • Spreads in the IG cash market tightened by 17 bps since last Friday to +615. IG CDX tightened in by about 45 bps to 215 for the week as the market has consistently tightened each day.
  • Telecomm and Cable issuers led the rally. Retailers also outperformed the broader market. Cyclical sectors such as Metals & Mining, Paper and Energy all widened during the week.
  • Issuance continued to improve upon the previous week, as $6.5 bln in corporate deals were priced. This week’s calendar was highlighted by a $2.0 billion 30yr, AA- 5 year deal from Proctor & Gamble, which came at a spread of 310. FYI – The spread on the high yield index was 306 in the middle of last July.

High Yield

  • The JPM Yield Index reversed a trend and was up 1.13% since last Thursday’s close. The index barely kept pace with treasuries, as the spread tightened 1 bp to +1888.
  • The Telecomm, Food and Healthcare sectors were all up over 2% this week. Chemicals and Broadcasters were the worst performers, down 3.5%.
  • There was one small new issue that was priced. B2/BB- Kansas City Southern did a $190mm five year deal at 13%.

Credit Events This Week

  1. Republic of Ecuador – The deadline for adherence to the Uniform Settlement Agreement is 4 pm New York time on 12/22/08. Ecuador’s government did not make a $30.6 million interest payment due on 12/15/08 (30 day grace period after 11/15/08 original due date). Ecuador, which also defaulted in 1999, owes approximately $10 billion to bondholders, multilateral lenders and other countries. Ecuador’s debt auditing commission has determined that the 2012 and 2030 bonds showed serious signs of illegality, including issuance without proper government authorization and recommended that the government not pay on the debt.
  2. Tribune Company – The adherence period for the ISDA CDS Protocol opened on Tuesday, 12/16 and will close at 5:00 pm on Friday, 12/19. A separate protocol will be issued for LCDS trades. The auction date has been set for 1/6/09.
  3. Hawaiian Telecom – The LCDS credit event auction on 12/17/08 resulted in a final price of 40.125.


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UK’s Brown is ‘angry’ with banks for financial crisis


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Brown Is ‘Angry’ With Banks for Financial Crisis, Mirror Says

Brown has it backwards, as most do. Lack of lending is a ‘good thing.’

It means ‘full employment’ can be sustained with much lower taxes for any desired level of government spending.

Too bad they are all out of paradigm and are letting things deteriorate while they agonize over the size of the deficit.

strong>Highlights

Home Retail Leads U.K. Retailers Lower on Margin, Sales Concern
BOE Needs New Instruments for Financial Sector, Gieve Tells BBC
Barclays Sees ‘Substantial Reversal’ in 10-Year Notes Next Year
Brown Pledges Further Measures to Get U.K. Banks to Lend
Brown Says Speed of U.K. Recovery Depends on Global Action
U.K. Shopper Count Worsens as Holiday Approaches, Experian Says
Bank of England’s deputy head calls for new tools
# Ireland unveils euro5.5 billion bank bailout


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2008-12-22 CREDIT


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This is the stuff of equity booms.

IG On-the-run Spreads (Dec 22)

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IG6 Spreads (Dec 22)

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IG7 Spreads (Dec 22)

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IG8 Spreads (Dec 22)

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IG9 Spreads (Dec 22)


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Federal revenue sharing


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Hi Jason,

I have proposed giving states $300 billion in revenue sharing funds on a per capita basis, rather than responding to specific projects and needs.

That way each state is accountable to it’s own voters for how it spends the Federal funds.

What I would not recommend is having the states compete for Federal funds based on specific projects, which puts the accountability on the federal side.

I would also not let this allocation interfere with any other Federal priorities, such as funding an energy policy.

Thanks,
Warren

States Would Get Free Hand in Stimulus Plan to Speed Spending

by Lorraine Woellert and Angela Greiling Keane

Dec. 17 (Bloomberg) — The economic stimulus package headed to Congress in January would let states and localities, rather than the federal government, decide how to spend the bulk of the money, lawmakers and lobbyists say.

The stimulus measure being worked out by aides to President- elect Barack Obama and congressional staff members calls for much of the cash to be pumped into existing transportation and energy programs without federal directives on how to spend the money.

Advocates of the approach say it would speed congressional approval of Obama’s push to inject into the economy what some senators say may surpass $700 billion over the next two years.

Lawmakers in Congress would forgo their more time-consuming practice of loading the measure with thousands of pork-barrel projects known as earmarks.

The strategy also raises the possibility that state and local officials would use the money to finance their own wish lists of projects that wouldn’t necessarily create the most jobs or serve all of Obama’s goals.

The approach, part of an effort to get the bill to Obama by the time he takes office Jan. 20, sidesteps what could be a protracted negotiation over potentially thousands of specific projects.

Block Grants

“Instead of Congress earmarking funding, I am expecting that we will give block grants to states, giving them discretion over which projects to prioritize,” said Senator Jeff Bingaman, a New Mexico Democrat and chairman of the Energy and Natural Resources Committee.

Groups representing state highway officials, transit systems and energy agencies say the approach would allow them to break ground on billions of dollars’ worth of projects as soon as the legislation passes.

Among critics, the concern is that writing checks to states and localities could shortchange Obama’s public transit and clean-energy programs in favor of spending on roads, which get the bulk of transportation spending under current formulas.

Closed-Door Talks

Funneling the money into existing programs would keep lawmakers from haggling over the merit of thousands of individual projects.

Energy-saving projects, for example, would be financed through programs at the federal Energy and Interior departments, which would then send the money to states and localities.

“There are a number of state funds and programs that do renewable energy deployment and energy infrastructure retrofits,” said Bracken Hendricks, an Obama campaign adviser and analyst at the Center for American Progress, a policy group in Washington helping with the transition. “It’s an existing spending infrastructure and it’s been very, very effective.”

Billions for Roads

House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Chairman James Oberstar, a Democrat from Minnesota, wants to allocate at least $45 billion in infrastructure improvements to states based on current highway spending formulas.

Horsley of the state highway and transportation group said state officials would know how best to spend any stimulus funds.

“Congress isn’t going to attempt to earmark these projects,” Horsley said. “If speed is of the essence, the states have documented, ready-to-go projects.”

Mayors met last week with Oberstar and House Ways and Means Committee Chairman Charles Rangel, a Democrat from New York, to make the case for their $73.2 billion list of projects. The group says these projects could create as many as 848,000 jobs over the next two years in 427 cities.

The projects “will immediately employ people, support small businesses, and stimulate Main Street economies,” said Miami Mayor Manny Diaz, president of the mayors’ conference.


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