Monthly Archives: February 2012

Overlooked in last week’s employment report

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Karim writes:

Average hourly earnings reached a new all-time low on a y/y basis of 1.5%.
One of the strongest historical arguments as to why deflation is unlikely is downward nominal wage rigidity.
i.e., its easier to negotiate wage growth from say 4% to 3%, then 1% to 0%, or certainly a wage cut.
But, high unemployment and high duration of unemployment will test that theory.
A move much lower from here will stoke the fears of those Fed members worried about deflation.
Of course the flip side is that this is quite likely a positive for corporate profits.

participation

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Consumer borrowing rose $19.3 billion in December

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With the federal deficit coming down it takes more consumer and business borrowing to keep GDP (modestly) growing.

And note that student loans are reportedly responsible for half the gain.

Looks to me like it’s going to take a lot more consumer debt growth just to start lowering the output gap.

The largest gains are traditionally to be had in housing, but still no sign of that sector materially improving.

Nor is a proactive fiscal relaxation in the cards.

If anything there’s risk of taxes going up and more spending being cut.

Consumer borrowing rose $19.3 billion in December

Feb 25 (AP) — Americans accelerated their borrowing in December for the second straight month, running up more credit card debt and taking out loans to buy cars and attend school.

Consumer borrowing rose by $19.3 billion in December after a $20.4 billion gain in November, the Federal Reserve said Tuesday. The two increases were the biggest monthly gains in a decade.

Total consumer borrowing is now at a seasonally adjusted $2.5 trillion. That nearly matches the pre-recession borrowing level. And it is up 4.4 percent from the September 2010 post-recession low.

The rise in borrowing could be a sign that Americans are more confident in the economy. But consumers are also borrowing more at a time when their wages haven’t kept pace with inflation.

The outlook for hiring has improved, which could help boost consumer spending.

In January, companies added 243,000 net jobs, and the unemployment rate fell to 8.3 percent, the lowest in three years.

Still, without higher pay, many could pull back further on spending. Consumer spending was flat in December, and the savings rate fell. Consumer spending is important because it accounts for 70 percent of economic activity.

Americans borrowed more on their credit cards in December, likely to buy holiday gifts. A measure of that debt increased by $2.8 billion.

But the bulk of December’s increase was because consumers took out more auto loans and student loans. The category that includes both rose by $16.6 billion.

Ellen Zentner, an economist at Nomura Securities in New York, said that half the gain in that category came from higher student loans. That suggests the weak economy is persuading more people to go back to school.

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China Should Weigh Fiscal Boost if Euro Crisis Deepens

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Must be a student of MMT?

China Should Weigh Fiscal Boost if Euro Crisis Deepens

Feb 8 (Bloomberg) — China should consider fiscal stimulus if Europe’s sovereign-debt crisis sparks a recession there that affects the U.S., Asian Development Bank Managing Director-General Rajat Nag said.

“The European crisis is a major cloud on the horizon,” Nag said in an interview at the ADB’s Tokyo office today. “Countries, particularly China, have to consider the possibility of coming in with necessary fiscal stimulus if the euro zone crisis becomes more serious and if the effects of that spillover into the U.S.”

The International Monetary Fund said two days ago that a worsening of Europe’s debt turmoil could almost halve China’s growth rate, which the lender projects at 8.2 percent in 2012. Fitch Ratings said yesterday that a “hard landing” for the nation was a key risk for the global economy.

“Our assessment is that the situation will probably not be a hard landing,” Nag said. “If the euro zone crisis resolves itself in an orderly fashion, China could still grow at over 8 percent in this calendar year.

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Greek options

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There is probably not much voter support for returning to the drachma.

The voters would probably rather have the Germans run their finances than their own leaders.

They’ve seen past drachma financial dramas, with interest rates spiking for everyone, not just the govt, rampant inflation, and a collapsing currency as well as high unemployment.

With the euro none of that happened, so it’s not obvious the currency is the problem.

What does seem obvious to them is that their leaders are the problem.

So I expect the austerity measures to pass, as the alternative is 0 deficit spending.

And if discounts are ‘granted’ the politics quickly move towards same for the rest of the euro member nations.

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Portugal Union Leader Wants Debt Renegotiation

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Yes, as previously discussed, the obvious political move is to demand the same discounts as Greece.

Especially with the pending Greek ‘restructure’ and ECB check writing to support the banking system seemingly making the euro stronger and not causing inflation.

And the ‘sustainability maths’ is just about the same for all of them as well, particularly given the current slowdown.

Once the markets realize the politics are moving in that direction, all euro member nation bonds again become suspect and the crisis enters the next stage, resulting in the ECB pretty much funding everything, one way or another.

It’s just a question of how it all gets from here to there.

Portugal Union Leader Wants Debt Renegotiation

By Axel Bugge and Daniel Alvarenga

Feb 7 (Reuters) — Portugal must renegotiate its debts rather than impose harsh austerity measures to overcome its economic crisis, the head of the country’s largest trade union said on Wednesday, threatening to step up strikes if the government pushed on with cuts.

Armenio Carlos, head of the CGTP union, told Reuters Portuguese workers would take a stand against attacks on labor rights, which he said were part of the government’s sweeping economic reforms promised under a 78 billion euro ($103.29 billion) bailout.

“What we defend is the renegotiation of debts, in terms of deadlines, in terms of interest and in terms of the amount,” Carlos said in an interview, adding that the country’s bailout had made it impossible to meet its obligations.

Portugal’s debt currently equals about 105 percent of gross domestic product.

“We are being confronted with a neo-liberal attack on workers’ rights,” he added, saying the government’s recent labor reform, making it easier to hire and fire, could spark a growing wave of protests.

The union leader, a former electrician and an ex-Communist lawmaker who took over as head of the CGTP a week ago, warned that with the austerity policies demanded by the bailout, Portugal was heading down the same road to ruin as Greece.

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Japan Adopts Stealth Intervention as Yen Gains Hurt Growth

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Japan traditionally bought $ and built it’s fx reserves to support its exporters.

It was finally Tsy Sec. Paulson who shamed them into suspending their $ purchases by calling Japan, China, and others ‘outlaws’ and ‘currency manipulators’ in what was then, functionally, an attempt at a ‘weak dollar’ policy.

The current administration, however, is on the defensive with regards to the dollar, under attack from political adversaries for allowing the Fed to ‘print money’ and ‘debase the currency’ even as the dollar has been reasonably strong.

So Japan has been testing the waters first with an announced ‘one time’ intervention in response to the earthquake, which didn’t attract the name calling of the prior US administration, and now with the announcement of ongoing intervention.

Seems to me its highly unlikely the US administration will respond negatively which would support their opposition’s ‘currency debasing’ labeling. So I expect Japan to continue to sell yen in an orderly fashion at least until they strike a US nerve.

Japan Adopts Stealth Intervention as Yen Gains Hurt Growth

By Monami Yui and Shigeki Nozawa

Feb 7 (Bloomberg) — Japan used so-called stealth intervention in November as the government sought to stem yen gains that hammered earnings at makers of exports ranging from cars to electronics.

Finance Ministry data released today showed Japan conducted 1.02 trillion yen ($13.3 billion) worth of unannounced intervention during the first four days of November, after selling a record 8.07 trillion yen on Oct. 31, when the yen climbed to a post World War II high of 75.35 against the dollar. The currency’s strength has eroded profits at exporters such as Sharp Corp. and Honda Motor Co., just as faltering global growth undermines demand.

“Japan has clearly shown its intention to stop a further appreciation of the yen, and there is a high chance” for more yen selling, said Hideki Shibata, a senior strategist for rates and foreign exchange at Tokai Tokyo Research Center Co. “Caution against intervention has increased in markets.”

November’s unannounced yen sales were the most effective strategy to weaken the currency, said a Japanese official who spoke to reporters in Tokyo today on condition of anonymity. Finance Minister Jun Azumi said he won’t rule out any options to curb the yen’s appreciation and that he will take action whenever necessary.

Exporting ‘Nearly Impossible’

His comment came a week after Sharp, Japan’s largest maker of LCD panels, forecast its worst annual loss since its founding a century ago, with its president saying exporting is “nearly impossible” with the strong yen. Panasonic Corp., Japan’s biggest appliance maker, forecast a 780 billion yen loss, the worst since the Osaka-based company was established in 1918.

Honda, the nation’s third-largest automobile maker, forecast on Jan. 31 net income for the 12 months ending March will decline to a three-year low of 215 billion yen. The company estimates its operating income is cut by 15 billion yen for every one yen gain against the dollar.

The Bank of Japan last month lowered its forecast for economic growth to 2 percent in the year starting in April from an October estimate of 2.2 percent, citing a slowdown overseas and the stronger yen.

The U.S. Treasury Department criticized Japan in a December report for unilaterally selling its currency in August and October, saying the Asian nation should focus on steps to “increase the dynamism of the domestic economy.” Intervention is an option if the yen moves excessively, Naoyuki Shinohara, a deputy managing director at the International Monetary Fund, said in an interview in Tokyo on Feb. 3.

U.S. Criticism

“Coming under growing criticism from overseas, Japan couldn’t openly intervene in the markets,” said Junichi Ishikawa, an analyst in Tokyo at IG Markets Securities Ltd. “Japan had to choose stealth intervention from the very few options to deal with increasing pressure within the country.”

Intervention is defined as “stealth” when it’s done without any finance ministry announcement, he said.

The yen sale in October was the biggest intervention on a monthly basis in data going back to 1991, while sales totaled 14.3 trillion yen in 2011, the third-largest annual amount, ministry data also showed.

No New Tactics

“We do not believe that the intervention over a period of several days by Japanese authorities signals a significant shift in tactics compared to previous interventions,” Osamu Takashima, Issei Suzuki and Todd Elmer, foreign-exchange strategists at Citibank Japan Ltd. in Tokyo, wrote in a note to clients today. “Investors may be inclined to sell into any renewed bout of intervention on USDJPY on a breakdown beneath recent range lows.”

The first intervention of 2011 was a 692.5 billion yen sale on March 18, when the Bank of Japan led a coordinated effort with Group of Seven nations to counter a jump in the yen after a record earthquake struck Japan a day earlier, stoking speculation companies would repatriate overseas assets to pay for rebuilding. Current Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda, who was finance minister at the time, ordered the nation’s central bank to intervene again unilaterally on Aug. 4.

The yen reached 76.03 per dollar on Feb. 1, the strongest since Oct. 31. It traded at 76.72 as of 2:33 p.m. today in Tokyo.

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Bristol Pound currency can be used for tax payment

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This will work- can be used to pay local taxes:

‘Bristol Pound’ currency to boost independent traders

By Dave Harvey

Feb 5 (BBC) — The Euro is in trouble, the world’s financial system is in turmoil. Is this the perfect time for cities to go it alone, and print their own money?

A group of independent traders in Bristol are launching their own currency, with the backing of the council and a credit union.

The “Bristol Pound” will be printed in notes, and also traded electronically.

There are other local currencies in the UK, but this is the first which can be used to pay local business taxes.

Ciaran Mundy, the director of the Bristol Pound, explained the concept behind the currency.

“Big companies just hoover up money from a local area,” he told me.

“Money goes into their financial system and typically out into London and into the offshore sector.”

Corporate challenge
But by definition, Bristol pounds must stay in the city. Spend a tenner in a Bristol bakery, and they must use it to pay their suppliers or staff. In turn, those companies will have to use the money within the local economy.

“We’ll be driving more business to independent traders, and ensuring the diversity of our city, which is one of the things people love about Bristol,” Mr Mundy said.

Already more than 100 firms are signed up. A family bakery, the Tobacco Factory Theatre, the Ferry company, dozens of small cafes – even Thatcher’s Cider will accept Bristol pounds.

So how will it work?

They will print notes in £1, £5, £10 and £20 denominations. A Bristol pound will be worth exactly £1 sterling.

People will open an account with the Bristol Credit Union, which is administering the scheme, and for every pound sterling they deposit, they will be credited one Bristol pound.

This money can then either be cashed, or used electronically to pay bills online or even with a mobile phone.

Since the money is held by the credit union, which has FSA backing, it will have the same protection as any other deposit account. The standard government scheme guarantees up to £85,000 per person.

Bristolians are being challenged to help design the new notes. The organisers have already created a logo, and produced security features to counter forgery.

There is a silver hologram design, a gold foil strip with serial numbers embedded, and other features which are impossible to reproduce.

But whose face should be on the notes? That is down to Bristolians.

Small change?
“Bristol’s own currency should reflect the values and the lives of people who live here,” explained the designer, Adele Graham.

“We’re open to any suggestions. It could be famous people, but it can be any design at all which Bristolians feel represents their city.”

Local people can submit their ideas on the Bristol Pound’s website. The competition will run until the end of February, and the notes will be launched in May.

But will the Bristol Pound really take off?

Most local currencies have remained small. The Totnes Pound was the first to launch, in Devon in 2006, and has 70 traders involved.

Eighteen months ago Stroud, in Gloucestershire, starting printing its own currency, but to date no more than 30 firms are taking the money.

Bristol’s organisers point to two key differences: online banking, and council support.

Since the scheme is run by a bona fide financial institution, the Bristol Credit Union, traders can pay each other large amounts of money at the click of a button.

Also unique is the ability to pay local business rates in local currency. The council leader, Councillor Barbara Janke, is fully behind the scheme.

She told me: “This is a chance to demonstrate the economic resilience of the city.

“We want to make it as easy as possible for people to use the Bristol Pound.”

‘No real boost’
Paying business rates in Bristol pounds means firms need not worry about being stuck with thousands of pounds they can’t spend, if their own suppliers refuse them.

Naturally, there are sceptics. Will people find it inconvenient to carry two kinds of notes in their pockets? Will it be more than a gimmick?

Interestingly, it is the prospect of success that worries some the most.

Ben Yearsley understands money. Big money. He is an investment strategist at Hargreaves Lansdown, the Bristol finance house which looks after £22bn of people’s savings.

He points out that the scheme will do nothing to help Britain’s economic recovery.

“This won’t boost spending,” he explained. “It will merely move money from one sector to another, from national firms to local ones.”

And if the Bristol Pound really works, Mr Yearsley worries that big national firms may be put off.

“A lot of people work for the national companies, and you may actually cause an increase in unemployment. Worse, there may be a brake on investment in the city.”

But the organisers think he worries too much.

Stephen Clarke, a local lawyer who is working for the new currency for nothing, said: “This is not an attack on national chains.

“We just want to preserve our local independents, and you can see how hard it is for them at the moment.”

Whenever local shops close down, and supermarkets or chain stores open, there are complaints about “cloned high streets” and “chain store Britain”.

Well, now if people really want to support independents, they can quite literally put their money where their mouth is.

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China’s Wen Suggests Euro Funding After Meeting With Merkel

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Out of the goodness of their hearts.

Not if, but Wen-

China’s Wen Suggests Euro Funding After Meeting With Merkel

Feb 6 (Bloomberg) — Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao raised the prospect of contributing to the euro-area’s bailout programs, telling Chancellor Angela Merkel that China may be prepared to assist in resolving its debt crisis.

The Chinese government is considering funding options for the temporary European Financial Stability Facility and its permanent successor, the European Stability Mechanism, through the International Monetary Fund to help stabilize the monetary union, Wen said yesterday after meeting Merkel in Beijing. China has previously said that it needs more detail on any plan to contribute funds to the euro area.

China is “investigating and evaluating ways, through the IMF, to be more deeply involved using the ESM and EFSF channels in solving the European debt issue,” Wen said at a briefing alongside Merkel, who arrived in China early yesterday on her fifth visit to the world’s most populous country as chancellor.

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